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<p>In this study, shear wave velocity was measured in a soil that was a mixture of fine and coarse grains. Due to the diversity of soil particle sizes, three different methods were used to verify the accuracy of the measurements. The highest velocity was obtained from the geophysical refraction test (860&#xa0;m/s). The microtremor test resulted in a velocity 10% lower than that of refraction (780&#xa0;m/s), and the bender element test at laboratory resulted in a velocity 13% lower than the microtremor and 23% lower than that of geophysical test (694&#xa0;m/s). To investigate which result is most accurate, a review of the technical literature related to mixed soils was conducted. Most of the cases reviewed recommend using relatively long wavelengths with lengths significantly larger than (7 to 20 times) the size of heterogeneities of the mixed soils to measure its properties. This conclusion is in favor of the results from the field tests. In the technical literature related to waves with lengths close to the dimensions of inclusions in the mixed soil, two distinguished behaviors have been described: wave scattering due to the presence of stiff inclusions and their faster propagation through inclusions, compared to the looser surrounding fine-grained soil. Given that this could justify the lower velocity obtained from the bender element test, these two behaviors, which at first seem contradictory, were investigated further. Numerical studies have shown that both of these behaviors occur simultaneously; while the waves travel through the aggregates at a higher speed than the surrounding fine-grained soil, they also produce vibrations in the mixed material with a much lower amplitude than in the soil without aggregates. This can limit the detection of the first wave received in the mixed material. Finally, according to the recommendations of the technical literature, the results of in situ tests with wavelengths longer than the dimensions of the inclusions in the soil were regarded as most reliable.</p>

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Measuring Shear Wave Velocity of a Natural Hard Mixed Soil Containing Clay, Silt, Sand and Large Gravel Inclusions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Javad Jalili,
  • Ebrahim Haghshenas,
  • Hamid Zafarani,
  • Pasha Javadi,
  • Seyed Mohammad Mirvakili

摘要

In this study, shear wave velocity was measured in a soil that was a mixture of fine and coarse grains. Due to the diversity of soil particle sizes, three different methods were used to verify the accuracy of the measurements. The highest velocity was obtained from the geophysical refraction test (860 m/s). The microtremor test resulted in a velocity 10% lower than that of refraction (780 m/s), and the bender element test at laboratory resulted in a velocity 13% lower than the microtremor and 23% lower than that of geophysical test (694 m/s). To investigate which result is most accurate, a review of the technical literature related to mixed soils was conducted. Most of the cases reviewed recommend using relatively long wavelengths with lengths significantly larger than (7 to 20 times) the size of heterogeneities of the mixed soils to measure its properties. This conclusion is in favor of the results from the field tests. In the technical literature related to waves with lengths close to the dimensions of inclusions in the mixed soil, two distinguished behaviors have been described: wave scattering due to the presence of stiff inclusions and their faster propagation through inclusions, compared to the looser surrounding fine-grained soil. Given that this could justify the lower velocity obtained from the bender element test, these two behaviors, which at first seem contradictory, were investigated further. Numerical studies have shown that both of these behaviors occur simultaneously; while the waves travel through the aggregates at a higher speed than the surrounding fine-grained soil, they also produce vibrations in the mixed material with a much lower amplitude than in the soil without aggregates. This can limit the detection of the first wave received in the mixed material. Finally, according to the recommendations of the technical literature, the results of in situ tests with wavelengths longer than the dimensions of the inclusions in the soil were regarded as most reliable.