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<p>Chute aeration is an efficient method for protecting chute structures from cavitation-induced erosion. Various types of chute aerators are utilized to aerate high-velocity flows. The protection provided by the aeration to the chute bottom and sidewalls is primarily influenced by the aerator design and by air diffusion. However, detailed comparisons of the air concentrations produced by different chute aerator designs, as well as the determination of the optimal spacing between aerators, are limited. In this study, the characteristics of different chute aerators and flow hydraulic properties for determining the distance of the chute aerators are simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The numerical models include ramps, offsets, ramps with offsets, and bottom and side wall ramps. By preparing numerical models of the spillway using the <i>RNG k–ε</i> turbulence model and the mixture model, a hydraulic analysis of the flow is completed. A comparison between experimental data with the numerical models is carried out to verify the performance of the numerical simulations. This comparison is based on the air concentration distribution downstream of the chute spillway aerator. The results show that the combination of bottom and side wall ramp aerators provides better aeration than other designs because they create a cavity zone in both the bottom and side wall chute. The length of the cavity area in the chute when there is a side wall ramp is approximately 50% more than when only a bottom ramp is used. The aeration efficiency increases with this type of aerator, and the air concentration in the chute is more uniform.</p>

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CFD Modeling of Air–Water Flow Characteristics in Chute Spillway Aerators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Fatemeh Safiloo,
  • Farzin Salmasi,
  • Hadi Arvanaghi,
  • Akram Abbaspour,
  • John Abraham

摘要

Chute aeration is an efficient method for protecting chute structures from cavitation-induced erosion. Various types of chute aerators are utilized to aerate high-velocity flows. The protection provided by the aeration to the chute bottom and sidewalls is primarily influenced by the aerator design and by air diffusion. However, detailed comparisons of the air concentrations produced by different chute aerator designs, as well as the determination of the optimal spacing between aerators, are limited. In this study, the characteristics of different chute aerators and flow hydraulic properties for determining the distance of the chute aerators are simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The numerical models include ramps, offsets, ramps with offsets, and bottom and side wall ramps. By preparing numerical models of the spillway using the RNG k–ε turbulence model and the mixture model, a hydraulic analysis of the flow is completed. A comparison between experimental data with the numerical models is carried out to verify the performance of the numerical simulations. This comparison is based on the air concentration distribution downstream of the chute spillway aerator. The results show that the combination of bottom and side wall ramp aerators provides better aeration than other designs because they create a cavity zone in both the bottom and side wall chute. The length of the cavity area in the chute when there is a side wall ramp is approximately 50% more than when only a bottom ramp is used. The aeration efficiency increases with this type of aerator, and the air concentration in the chute is more uniform.