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<p>Water contamination by synthetic dyes poses a significant environmental threat due to their toxicity and resistance to biodegradation. Conventional treatment methods like chemical coagulation and biological processing are often costly and inefficient. This study assesses activated carbon derived from wood sawdust as a sustainable, low-cost adsorbent for the continuous removal of Texas Red dye from synthetic wastewater using a fixed-bed column system. The sawdust was carbonized with phosphoric acid and tested in columns of 4&#xa0;cm and 5.5&#xa0;cm diameter at varying bed heights (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15&#xa0;cm) and flow rates. Texas Red, a sulfonyl rhodamine derivative (C₃₁H₂₉ClN₂O₆S₂) with maximum absorbance at 530&#xa0;nm, served as the model dye. The effluents collected over 60&#xa0;min were analyzed for pH, hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, turbidity and adsorption capacity. Both small and large columns achieved significant reductions in hardness (up to 73.63%), COD (up to 63.16%), and sulfate (up to 38.39%). Adsorption capacities (q<sub>o</sub>) of 431&#xa0;mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> and 254&#xa0;mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> were recorded for the small and large columns, respectively, with adsorption behavior accurately described by the Thomas model (R<sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.98). SEM and EDX analyses confirmed effective surface adsorption. These results demonstrate wood sawdust-derived activated carbon as a highly efficient, reproducible, and eco-friendly adsorbent, offering a scalable, sustainable approach for treating dye-contaminated industrial wastewater.</p>

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Adsorption of Texas Red Dye from Synthetic Wastewater Using Wood Sawdust by Fixed-column Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • R. Packieya Eswari,
  • S. Usha

摘要

Water contamination by synthetic dyes poses a significant environmental threat due to their toxicity and resistance to biodegradation. Conventional treatment methods like chemical coagulation and biological processing are often costly and inefficient. This study assesses activated carbon derived from wood sawdust as a sustainable, low-cost adsorbent for the continuous removal of Texas Red dye from synthetic wastewater using a fixed-bed column system. The sawdust was carbonized with phosphoric acid and tested in columns of 4 cm and 5.5 cm diameter at varying bed heights (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 cm) and flow rates. Texas Red, a sulfonyl rhodamine derivative (C₃₁H₂₉ClN₂O₆S₂) with maximum absorbance at 530 nm, served as the model dye. The effluents collected over 60 min were analyzed for pH, hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, turbidity and adsorption capacity. Both small and large columns achieved significant reductions in hardness (up to 73.63%), COD (up to 63.16%), and sulfate (up to 38.39%). Adsorption capacities (qo) of 431 mg·g⁻1 and 254 mg·g⁻1 were recorded for the small and large columns, respectively, with adsorption behavior accurately described by the Thomas model (R2 ≈ 0.98). SEM and EDX analyses confirmed effective surface adsorption. These results demonstrate wood sawdust-derived activated carbon as a highly efficient, reproducible, and eco-friendly adsorbent, offering a scalable, sustainable approach for treating dye-contaminated industrial wastewater.