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<p>Geopolymer-based composites (GPCs) have earned increasing attention due to their lower carbon footprint and the use of industrial by-products like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin, and silica fume. This review systematically examines the latest developments in GPCs, emphasizing the key factors that influence their mechanical properties and durability. These factors include the type of precursor and replacement ratios, the kind and concentration of alkaline activators, the sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio, the activator-to-binder ratio, curing temperature, water content, sand content, and fiber type and dosage. The review discusses the effect of these variables on the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths. Based on the outputs of the review, the fiber-reinforced GPCs (FRGCs) could demonstrate a strain-hardening behaviour with a mean tensile strain capacity reaching about 5%. Also, compared to ordinary cement-based mortars, GPCs demonstrated excellent fire resistance, maintaining structural integrity up to 1200&#xa0;°C and losing less than 5.7% of their mass at high temperatures. Currently, many field applications in infrastructure and marine environments showcase the practical potential of GPCs as a high-performance, eco-friendly alternative to traditional mortars and concrete.</p>

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Development of Geopolymer Composites in Mechanical Properties, Behaviour and Applications as a Construction Material: State of the Art

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Mohamed Wasef,
  • Ali Hassan,
  • Nesreen M. Kassem

摘要

Geopolymer-based composites (GPCs) have earned increasing attention due to their lower carbon footprint and the use of industrial by-products like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin, and silica fume. This review systematically examines the latest developments in GPCs, emphasizing the key factors that influence their mechanical properties and durability. These factors include the type of precursor and replacement ratios, the kind and concentration of alkaline activators, the sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio, the activator-to-binder ratio, curing temperature, water content, sand content, and fiber type and dosage. The review discusses the effect of these variables on the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths. Based on the outputs of the review, the fiber-reinforced GPCs (FRGCs) could demonstrate a strain-hardening behaviour with a mean tensile strain capacity reaching about 5%. Also, compared to ordinary cement-based mortars, GPCs demonstrated excellent fire resistance, maintaining structural integrity up to 1200 °C and losing less than 5.7% of their mass at high temperatures. Currently, many field applications in infrastructure and marine environments showcase the practical potential of GPCs as a high-performance, eco-friendly alternative to traditional mortars and concrete.