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<p>This research explores the development of eco-friendly concrete by partially replacing manufactured sand (M-sand) with crushed waste glass sand (WGS), aiming to conserve natural resources and promote sustainable construction practices. Basalt, the primary rock used for M-sand production, is a finite natural resource that requires judicious utilization. In this study, M-sand was replaced with WGS in increments of 10%, ranging from 10 to 50%, to evaluate its impact on concrete properties. Concrete’s workability, density, compressive strength, and split tensile strength, were investigated after 7 and 28 days of curing. Durability assessments, such as water absorption and chloride ion penetration tests, were conducted to evaluate the suitability of WGS in concrete. Concrete containing 30% WGS performed best, showing increased compressive and tensile strength, improved resistance to chloride ion penetration and decreased water absorption. Microstructural analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray revealed the morphological changes induced by WGS. These studies highlighted improved interfacial transition zones at moderate glass content, contributing to the observed strength and durability enhancements. However, higher WGS proportions resulted in increased porosity and microcracks due to excessive silica gel formation, which compromised the matrix integrity. Additionally, Response Surface Methodology was employed to model and optimize the concrete mixtures, models demonstrated strong predictive accuracy with R<sup>2</sup> values around 0.9 for all the outputs and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 confirming model significance and thus providing a framework for sustainable mix design. The findings underscore the potential of WGS as a sustainable alternative to M-sand, significantly reducing the dependency on natural aggregates.</p>

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Modelling and Optimization of Waste Glass Sand in the Production of Sustainable Concrete Using Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Abhijeet Vidyadhar Baikerikar,
  • Nikhil Navalgatti,
  • V. Vinayaka Ram,
  • Tejas D. Doshi

摘要

This research explores the development of eco-friendly concrete by partially replacing manufactured sand (M-sand) with crushed waste glass sand (WGS), aiming to conserve natural resources and promote sustainable construction practices. Basalt, the primary rock used for M-sand production, is a finite natural resource that requires judicious utilization. In this study, M-sand was replaced with WGS in increments of 10%, ranging from 10 to 50%, to evaluate its impact on concrete properties. Concrete’s workability, density, compressive strength, and split tensile strength, were investigated after 7 and 28 days of curing. Durability assessments, such as water absorption and chloride ion penetration tests, were conducted to evaluate the suitability of WGS in concrete. Concrete containing 30% WGS performed best, showing increased compressive and tensile strength, improved resistance to chloride ion penetration and decreased water absorption. Microstructural analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray revealed the morphological changes induced by WGS. These studies highlighted improved interfacial transition zones at moderate glass content, contributing to the observed strength and durability enhancements. However, higher WGS proportions resulted in increased porosity and microcracks due to excessive silica gel formation, which compromised the matrix integrity. Additionally, Response Surface Methodology was employed to model and optimize the concrete mixtures, models demonstrated strong predictive accuracy with R2 values around 0.9 for all the outputs and p < 0.001 confirming model significance and thus providing a framework for sustainable mix design. The findings underscore the potential of WGS as a sustainable alternative to M-sand, significantly reducing the dependency on natural aggregates.