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<p>The rapid depletion of natural resources and the growing challenge of industrial waste management have spurred interest in utilizing industrial waste as sustainable building material. Hence the current review focuses the utilization of steel slag (SS) as an alternative coarse aggregate (ACA) in concrete. This review explores the feasibility of partial and full substitution of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with different types of SS in concrete, emphasizing its transformative role in enhancing sustainability. The study reviewed fresh properties such as workability and fresh density, revealing the impact of SS on the ease of mixing and placing. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and modulus of elasticity (MOE), are analyzed to assess the structural performance of slag-incorporated concrete. The CS, STS, FS and MOE of slag-based concrete enhanced up to 43.24%, 27.27%, 44.25% and 33.91% compared to the standard concrete (SC). Furthermore, durability properties such as water absorption, water permeability, carbonation resistance, corrosion resistance, acid resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, shrinkage, and electrical resistivity are also summarized to evaluate long-term performance. The review also highlights the microstructural characteristics of concrete with SS, focusing on its pore structure, interfacial transition zone, and hydration product formation. The findings suggest that SS can effectively replace NCA, improving specific concrete properties while addressing environmental concerns associated with waste disposal. This study underscores the potential of SS to transform waste into wealth, thereby promoting sustainable development in the construction industry.</p>

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A Review on the Utilization of Steel Slag as Alternative Coarse Aggregate in Concrete: Transforming Waste into Wealth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Nihar Ranjan Mohanta,
  • Meena Murmu

摘要

The rapid depletion of natural resources and the growing challenge of industrial waste management have spurred interest in utilizing industrial waste as sustainable building material. Hence the current review focuses the utilization of steel slag (SS) as an alternative coarse aggregate (ACA) in concrete. This review explores the feasibility of partial and full substitution of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with different types of SS in concrete, emphasizing its transformative role in enhancing sustainability. The study reviewed fresh properties such as workability and fresh density, revealing the impact of SS on the ease of mixing and placing. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and modulus of elasticity (MOE), are analyzed to assess the structural performance of slag-incorporated concrete. The CS, STS, FS and MOE of slag-based concrete enhanced up to 43.24%, 27.27%, 44.25% and 33.91% compared to the standard concrete (SC). Furthermore, durability properties such as water absorption, water permeability, carbonation resistance, corrosion resistance, acid resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, shrinkage, and electrical resistivity are also summarized to evaluate long-term performance. The review also highlights the microstructural characteristics of concrete with SS, focusing on its pore structure, interfacial transition zone, and hydration product formation. The findings suggest that SS can effectively replace NCA, improving specific concrete properties while addressing environmental concerns associated with waste disposal. This study underscores the potential of SS to transform waste into wealth, thereby promoting sustainable development in the construction industry.