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<p>Wetlands are among the most important aquatic ecosystems as they provide habitats for the growth of various aquatic species, medicinal plants, tourism, and the accommodation of migratory birds from distant regions. Thus, they play a crucial role in the coexistence of humans and other living organisms and aid in generating income for local communities. The Naseri wetland, in southwestern Iran, stands out as the largest artificial wetland in Iran. The deterioration of the wetland’s water quality has caused some aquatic species to diminish or disappear entirely, while placing numerous plant species and over 40 native and migratory bird species in jeopardy—potentially leading to a decline in regional employment. This study evaluated the water quality of the wetland main basin in winter and spring in terms of physical-chemical parameters, organic pollution, nutrients, coliforms, and metals. For this purpose, 30 random and scattered sampling points were selected over an 80 km<sup>2</sup> area. EC, pH, and DO were measured on-site, while other parameters were analyzed in the laboratory and then mapped utilizing SURFER-24 software. The findings indicated that the Naseri Wetland, with an average salinity of 56.35 dS/m, is classified as hypersaline. The average concentrations of sodium and chloride were found to be 5124.17&#xa0;mg/L and 7706.115&#xa0;mg/L in winter, respectively, and 6307.82&#xa0;mg/L and 9985.34&#xa0;mg/L in spring, respectively. In terms of organic pollution, BOD<sub>5</sub> (285–310&#xa0;mg/l) and COD (480–1477&#xa0;mg/l) values were several times higher than the standard limits for various uses. Additionally, the concentrations of metals such as mercury, boron, nickel, manganese, lead, and arsenic (with maximum o.222, 3.5, 0.577,0.295, 0.322&#xa0;mg/l respectively) were higher than various standards in certain areas, particularly in the northern and southern parts of the wetland. Although the wetland currently does not face issues related to nutrient levels, the increasing trends of phosphate and nitrate relative to inflow are concerning. The findings underscore the need for water management to ensure environmental sustainability.</p>

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Investigation of the Effects of Agricultural and Industrial Drainage on the Water Quality of Iran’s Largest Artificial Wetland

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Gholamreza Mohammadi Pour,
  • Seyed Mahmood Kashefipour,
  • Parvaneh Tishehzan,
  • Mehdi Daryaee,
  • Mehdi Ghomeshi

摘要

Wetlands are among the most important aquatic ecosystems as they provide habitats for the growth of various aquatic species, medicinal plants, tourism, and the accommodation of migratory birds from distant regions. Thus, they play a crucial role in the coexistence of humans and other living organisms and aid in generating income for local communities. The Naseri wetland, in southwestern Iran, stands out as the largest artificial wetland in Iran. The deterioration of the wetland’s water quality has caused some aquatic species to diminish or disappear entirely, while placing numerous plant species and over 40 native and migratory bird species in jeopardy—potentially leading to a decline in regional employment. This study evaluated the water quality of the wetland main basin in winter and spring in terms of physical-chemical parameters, organic pollution, nutrients, coliforms, and metals. For this purpose, 30 random and scattered sampling points were selected over an 80 km2 area. EC, pH, and DO were measured on-site, while other parameters were analyzed in the laboratory and then mapped utilizing SURFER-24 software. The findings indicated that the Naseri Wetland, with an average salinity of 56.35 dS/m, is classified as hypersaline. The average concentrations of sodium and chloride were found to be 5124.17 mg/L and 7706.115 mg/L in winter, respectively, and 6307.82 mg/L and 9985.34 mg/L in spring, respectively. In terms of organic pollution, BOD5 (285–310 mg/l) and COD (480–1477 mg/l) values were several times higher than the standard limits for various uses. Additionally, the concentrations of metals such as mercury, boron, nickel, manganese, lead, and arsenic (with maximum o.222, 3.5, 0.577,0.295, 0.322 mg/l respectively) were higher than various standards in certain areas, particularly in the northern and southern parts of the wetland. Although the wetland currently does not face issues related to nutrient levels, the increasing trends of phosphate and nitrate relative to inflow are concerning. The findings underscore the need for water management to ensure environmental sustainability.