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<p>Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are commonly used alkali activators in geopolymer synthesis for their effectiveness in promoting the dissolution of aluminosilicate precursors, facilitating rapid setting and high early strength. However, conventional sodium silicate (CSS) production is costly and energy-intensive, necessitating sustainable alternatives. This study evaluated the feasibility of using a liquid glass powder-derived sodium silicate (GPSS) solution as a cost-effective waste-based activator in geopolymer mortars, comparing its performance with CSS-based mortars. Mortars were prepared using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), with four mixes per system tested for key performance metrics at 28 days. While CSS mixes achieved higher compressive strengths (45.96–68.25&#xa0;MPa vs. 25.56–45.31&#xa0;MPa for GPSS), GPSS mortars exhibited superior flexural strength (4.25–11.11&#xa0;MPa vs. 3.05–9.63&#xa0;MPa for CSS), attributed to the optimal SiO<sub>2</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>O ratio and partially dissolved WGP particles acting as nucleation sites. GPSS mixes also met water absorption thresholds (5.55–5.93% vs. 4.64–5.37% for CSS; SANS 1058 limit &lt; 6.5%) with comparable densities (2138–2216&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup> vs. 2117–2214&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup> for CSS), despite reduced workability (50–75% vs. 90–145% for CSS). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in strength and flow properties. Sustainability assessments revealed that the GPSS reduced carbon emissions by 14% and production costs by 50% compared to CSS. Although its embodied energy was higher, the fusion process enabled waste valorization. These findings suggest liquid GPSS is a viable, eco-efficient activator, especially suited for applications prioritizing bending resistance, cost savings and environmental performance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Performance Evaluation of Geopolymer Mortars Prepared with Waste Glass Powder-Derived Sodium Silicate Solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Anuoluwapo Sola Kolade,
  • Bolanle Deborah Ikotun,
  • Damilola Oyewumi Oyejobi,
  • Gbenga Emmanuel Aderinto,
  • Makungu Marco Madirisha

摘要

Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are commonly used alkali activators in geopolymer synthesis for their effectiveness in promoting the dissolution of aluminosilicate precursors, facilitating rapid setting and high early strength. However, conventional sodium silicate (CSS) production is costly and energy-intensive, necessitating sustainable alternatives. This study evaluated the feasibility of using a liquid glass powder-derived sodium silicate (GPSS) solution as a cost-effective waste-based activator in geopolymer mortars, comparing its performance with CSS-based mortars. Mortars were prepared using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), with four mixes per system tested for key performance metrics at 28 days. While CSS mixes achieved higher compressive strengths (45.96–68.25 MPa vs. 25.56–45.31 MPa for GPSS), GPSS mortars exhibited superior flexural strength (4.25–11.11 MPa vs. 3.05–9.63 MPa for CSS), attributed to the optimal SiO2/Na2O ratio and partially dissolved WGP particles acting as nucleation sites. GPSS mixes also met water absorption thresholds (5.55–5.93% vs. 4.64–5.37% for CSS; SANS 1058 limit < 6.5%) with comparable densities (2138–2216 kg/m3 vs. 2117–2214 kg/m3 for CSS), despite reduced workability (50–75% vs. 90–145% for CSS). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences (p < 0.05) in strength and flow properties. Sustainability assessments revealed that the GPSS reduced carbon emissions by 14% and production costs by 50% compared to CSS. Although its embodied energy was higher, the fusion process enabled waste valorization. These findings suggest liquid GPSS is a viable, eco-efficient activator, especially suited for applications prioritizing bending resistance, cost savings and environmental performance.

Graphical Abstract