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<p>This study advances the development of sustainable, high-performance construction systems by evaluating the flexural behavior of concrete-encased cold-formed steel (CFS) beams as alternatives to conventional reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Four composite beam configurations were analyzed: flat web (CE-CFS-F), stiffened web (CE-CFS-S), and hexagonal web openings (unstiffened CE-CFS-OF and stiffened CE-CFS-OS). Experimental four-point bending tests and nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS were employed to assess structural performance. The composite beams utilized M50-grade concrete enhanced with 20% Class C fly ash and 8% metakaolin. The results revealed that the CE-CFS-F configuration outperformed traditional RC beams, achieving a 19.5% higher ultimate load capacity (98.5 kN vs. 82.4 kN) and 50% greater energy absorption (1200 kN&#xa0;mm), alongside 9.7% cost savings and 19.8% reduction in steel weight. The CE-CFS-OS beam, designed for service integration in long-span floors, showed a 2.7% strength increase (84.6 kN) over RC beams with comparable weight savings. Conversely, unstiffened openings in CE-CFS-OF caused a 27.1% strength reduction (71.4 kN), highlighting vulnerabilities to stress concentrations. FEA models demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.95).The findings advocate CE-CFS-F for seismic-resistant frameworks and CE-CFS-OS for long-span applications requiring utility conduits. This work bridges critical gaps in composite beam design, offering actionable insights for sustainable infrastructure development.</p>

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Flexural Response of Concrete Encased Cold-Formed Steel Lipped Built-Up Channel Beams

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Thangavel Sakthivel,
  • N. Divyah,
  • K. G. Balakumar

摘要

This study advances the development of sustainable, high-performance construction systems by evaluating the flexural behavior of concrete-encased cold-formed steel (CFS) beams as alternatives to conventional reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Four composite beam configurations were analyzed: flat web (CE-CFS-F), stiffened web (CE-CFS-S), and hexagonal web openings (unstiffened CE-CFS-OF and stiffened CE-CFS-OS). Experimental four-point bending tests and nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS were employed to assess structural performance. The composite beams utilized M50-grade concrete enhanced with 20% Class C fly ash and 8% metakaolin. The results revealed that the CE-CFS-F configuration outperformed traditional RC beams, achieving a 19.5% higher ultimate load capacity (98.5 kN vs. 82.4 kN) and 50% greater energy absorption (1200 kN mm), alongside 9.7% cost savings and 19.8% reduction in steel weight. The CE-CFS-OS beam, designed for service integration in long-span floors, showed a 2.7% strength increase (84.6 kN) over RC beams with comparable weight savings. Conversely, unstiffened openings in CE-CFS-OF caused a 27.1% strength reduction (71.4 kN), highlighting vulnerabilities to stress concentrations. FEA models demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data (R2 > 0.95).The findings advocate CE-CFS-F for seismic-resistant frameworks and CE-CFS-OS for long-span applications requiring utility conduits. This work bridges critical gaps in composite beam design, offering actionable insights for sustainable infrastructure development.