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<p>In this work, Iron-rich copper slag (CS) is valorized in the preparation of alkali-activated geopolymer by blending it with fly ash (FA) (0–100%). The addition of fly ash increases the heat of the reaction (calorimetry) as a result of enhanced dissolution–precipitation which helps to propel the reaction due to the high amount of Al. The CF<sub>3</sub> blend attains a strength of 40.2&#xa0;MPa, which is 50% higher than the sole geopolymers. The features of mineral phases present in the precursors like fayalite, magnetite, quartz and mullite are still observed in the products after geopolymerisation, but the peaks are less intense. A significant peak at 954&#xa0;cm<sup>–1</sup> associated with Si–O–T, a fingerprint of is observed in copper slag geopolymer (CSG) with the disappearance of the characteristics Si–O–Si of CS. According to SEM analysis, a denser matrix is observed in the geopolymer blends without much-unreacted fly ash and copper slag. The contribution of N–(A)–S–H and N–F–S binding gel with a higher amount of Na/Si and Al/Si in a fly ash-rich system yields a dense microstructure. The BE lines of Fe, Si, Al and O atoms in XPS were analyzed and Fe<sub>2p3/2</sub> and Fe<sub>2p1/2</sub> peaks were identified in copper slag-based geopolymers. It is concluded that the blending of iron-rich fayalite slag with fly ash leads to the formation of geopolymer cement with higher compressive strength and stronger microstructure, leading to the valorisation of industrial waste material and cleaner production of building material for the construction industry.</p>

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Influence of Iron-Rich Copper Slag on Structure and Properties of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Geopolymerisation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月20日

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  • Rithikaa ThanigaiSelvan,
  • Manivannan Muthusamy,
  • Vanitha Nandhiraman,
  • Jeyalakshmi Ramaswamy

摘要

In this work, Iron-rich copper slag (CS) is valorized in the preparation of alkali-activated geopolymer by blending it with fly ash (FA) (0–100%). The addition of fly ash increases the heat of the reaction (calorimetry) as a result of enhanced dissolution–precipitation which helps to propel the reaction due to the high amount of Al. The CF3 blend attains a strength of 40.2 MPa, which is 50% higher than the sole geopolymers. The features of mineral phases present in the precursors like fayalite, magnetite, quartz and mullite are still observed in the products after geopolymerisation, but the peaks are less intense. A significant peak at 954 cm–1 associated with Si–O–T, a fingerprint of is observed in copper slag geopolymer (CSG) with the disappearance of the characteristics Si–O–Si of CS. According to SEM analysis, a denser matrix is observed in the geopolymer blends without much-unreacted fly ash and copper slag. The contribution of N–(A)–S–H and N–F–S binding gel with a higher amount of Na/Si and Al/Si in a fly ash-rich system yields a dense microstructure. The BE lines of Fe, Si, Al and O atoms in XPS were analyzed and Fe2p3/2 and Fe2p1/2 peaks were identified in copper slag-based geopolymers. It is concluded that the blending of iron-rich fayalite slag with fly ash leads to the formation of geopolymer cement with higher compressive strength and stronger microstructure, leading to the valorisation of industrial waste material and cleaner production of building material for the construction industry.