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<p>Currently, many coal mines involve the mining of ultra-close coal seams. The extraction of the upper coal seam leads to a complex stress environment and well-developed fractures within the rock mass of the lower coal seam, which severely compromises the stability of the roadway surrounding rock. Consequently, these factors pose significant challenges to the rational layout of roadways and the design of support schemes, especially for coal seam spacings below 10&#xa0;m, no relevant studies have been documented in existing literature. To address these issues, the rational layout and support technology of the mining roadway in the No. 3 lower coal seam were investigated in this study, with the Chaili Coal Mine serving as the engineering background. It addresses the difficult problems concerning rational roadway layout and support under a coal seam spacing of only 5&#xa0;m. Through a comprehensive approach involving theoretical analysis, DEM numerical modeling, FEM numerical modeling and field measurements, The stress and displacement distribution patterns of the roadway in lower coal seam under various location conditions have been analyzed. The results indicate that an inward location 4&#xa0;m from the goaf is the optimal position for the roadway layout. During the mining process of the upper coal seam, the floor is severely affected by mining disturbances, resulting in significant rock mass damage. The floor damage zone is categorized into a crushed zone and a fracture zone from the surface downwards, with depths of 5&#xa0;m and 10.6&#xa0;m, respectively. Based on these findings, a combined support technology of “prestressed bolt-mesh-cable + steel ladder + anchor beam” was proposed. Borehole imaging revealed that the rock mass remains relatively intact at medium depths within the roof. The measured surface deformations of the roadway obtained from field monitoring are 70&#xa0;mm, 67&#xa0;mm, 75&#xa0;mm and 86&#xa0;mm, respectively. These results verify the effectiveness of the support scheme in controlling both shallow and deep surrounding rock. The findings provide a reference for similar engineering projects.</p>

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Rational Layout and Surrounding Rock Control of Roadways Under Goaf in Ultra-Close Coal Seams

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Jin-Peng Zhang,
  • Zheng Chen,
  • Xue-Feng Liu,
  • Jun-Hao Xu,
  • Zi-Min Zhao,
  • Hai-Bo Shi

摘要

Currently, many coal mines involve the mining of ultra-close coal seams. The extraction of the upper coal seam leads to a complex stress environment and well-developed fractures within the rock mass of the lower coal seam, which severely compromises the stability of the roadway surrounding rock. Consequently, these factors pose significant challenges to the rational layout of roadways and the design of support schemes, especially for coal seam spacings below 10 m, no relevant studies have been documented in existing literature. To address these issues, the rational layout and support technology of the mining roadway in the No. 3 lower coal seam were investigated in this study, with the Chaili Coal Mine serving as the engineering background. It addresses the difficult problems concerning rational roadway layout and support under a coal seam spacing of only 5 m. Through a comprehensive approach involving theoretical analysis, DEM numerical modeling, FEM numerical modeling and field measurements, The stress and displacement distribution patterns of the roadway in lower coal seam under various location conditions have been analyzed. The results indicate that an inward location 4 m from the goaf is the optimal position for the roadway layout. During the mining process of the upper coal seam, the floor is severely affected by mining disturbances, resulting in significant rock mass damage. The floor damage zone is categorized into a crushed zone and a fracture zone from the surface downwards, with depths of 5 m and 10.6 m, respectively. Based on these findings, a combined support technology of “prestressed bolt-mesh-cable + steel ladder + anchor beam” was proposed. Borehole imaging revealed that the rock mass remains relatively intact at medium depths within the roof. The measured surface deformations of the roadway obtained from field monitoring are 70 mm, 67 mm, 75 mm and 86 mm, respectively. These results verify the effectiveness of the support scheme in controlling both shallow and deep surrounding rock. The findings provide a reference for similar engineering projects.