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<p>Gypsum mortar is one of the most common building materials used in the Gachkeh Caravanserai (Lorestan Province, western Iran) and has experienced significant deterioration due to weathering agents. In the present work, a comprehensive laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of weathering agents on the physico-mechanical properties of gypsum mortar. To achieve this goal, some block samples of the mortar utilized in the ancient monument were collected. A number of specimens were prepared from block samples for various laboratory tests. The mineralogical composition of the mortar was studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and microscopic thin sections. Accelerated weathering tests, including freezing-thawing (FT), wetting-drying (WD), and heating-cooling (HC) tests, were performed on the samples. The properties of the samples, including porosity, Brazilian tensile strength, and P-wave velocity, were measured before and during the various cycles of accelerated weathering tests. Moreover, the pore structure modification of the deteriorated samples was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data analysis revealed that the samples experienced an increase in porosity and a decrease in the Brazilian tensile strength and P-wave velocity, indicating the adverse effects of the FT, WD, and HC processes on mortar deterioration. These results were in good agreement with the SEM images, indicating that the sample is vulnerable to FT, WD, and HC processes. However, data analysis revealed that FT had the greatest deterioration effect on the samples, followed by WD and HC. Moreover, the findings indicate that the deterioration of the samples caused by FT, WD, and HC was affected by their n and mineralogical composition. Identifying the FT as the most significant deterioration process of the samples can help in choosing the most appropriate conservation strategy to prevent progressive damage to the studied ancient monument. The results of the present study can be generalized to gypsum mortars used in ancient monuments in other regions of the world, which were exposed to weathering agents similar to those used in the present study (i.e., the FT, WD, and HC processes).</p>

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The Effects of Weathering Agents on the Physico-mechanical Properties of Gypsum Mortar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Amin Jamshidi,
  • Luís Sousa,
  • Mousa Sabzi,
  • Kimiya Rashnouei

摘要

Gypsum mortar is one of the most common building materials used in the Gachkeh Caravanserai (Lorestan Province, western Iran) and has experienced significant deterioration due to weathering agents. In the present work, a comprehensive laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of weathering agents on the physico-mechanical properties of gypsum mortar. To achieve this goal, some block samples of the mortar utilized in the ancient monument were collected. A number of specimens were prepared from block samples for various laboratory tests. The mineralogical composition of the mortar was studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and microscopic thin sections. Accelerated weathering tests, including freezing-thawing (FT), wetting-drying (WD), and heating-cooling (HC) tests, were performed on the samples. The properties of the samples, including porosity, Brazilian tensile strength, and P-wave velocity, were measured before and during the various cycles of accelerated weathering tests. Moreover, the pore structure modification of the deteriorated samples was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data analysis revealed that the samples experienced an increase in porosity and a decrease in the Brazilian tensile strength and P-wave velocity, indicating the adverse effects of the FT, WD, and HC processes on mortar deterioration. These results were in good agreement with the SEM images, indicating that the sample is vulnerable to FT, WD, and HC processes. However, data analysis revealed that FT had the greatest deterioration effect on the samples, followed by WD and HC. Moreover, the findings indicate that the deterioration of the samples caused by FT, WD, and HC was affected by their n and mineralogical composition. Identifying the FT as the most significant deterioration process of the samples can help in choosing the most appropriate conservation strategy to prevent progressive damage to the studied ancient monument. The results of the present study can be generalized to gypsum mortars used in ancient monuments in other regions of the world, which were exposed to weathering agents similar to those used in the present study (i.e., the FT, WD, and HC processes).