Scholarlink

<p>This study focuses on the geological framework and geochemical characteristics of solid bitumens occurring in the exposures of the Gachsaran Formation (Lower Miocene) and the Pabdeh Formation (Upper Paleocene to lowermost Oligocene) within the Khaviz and Kabirkuh anticlines in western Iran. The studied bitumens are present as bituminous marls and anhydrites; however, most occurrences are associated with filling the fractures and planar release joints. Among the studied samples, the highest metal enrichments (enrichment factors &gt; 10 for V, Mo, Sc, Co, Ni, Ga, Cu, Pb, and Zn) are linked to euxinic conditions, as evidenced by V/(V + Ni) &gt; 0.84, an average Ni/Co ratio of 37.9, and the relatively elevated co-enrichment of V, Mo, and U. Rare earth elements (REEs) generally exhibit very low enrichment in the studied samples, indicating they are not partitioned during bitumen generation. A flat REE patterns, together with the strong correlation of ∑REEs with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80) and high field strength elements (HFSEs, such as Nb and Zr), suggests that REEs are primarily associated with the clay fraction as detrital components. The enrichment of trace elements is unaffected by detrital materials and, in contrast to REEs, is largely governed by redox conditions. The significant V enrichment, particularly in the fracture-filling bitumens of the Pabdeh Formation (up to 1089&#xa0;ppm), highlights the importance of further exploration and assessment of the metallogenic potential of bitumen reserves within the Zagros orogenic belt.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Geology, Geochemistry and Metallogenic Aspects of the Solid Bitumens: Case Studies from Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt (ZFTB), Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

查看全文
  • Mohsen Rezaei,
  • Hajar Ghafleh Maramazi,
  • Abbas Charchi,
  • Danya Karimi,
  • Mehdi Ostadhassan

摘要

This study focuses on the geological framework and geochemical characteristics of solid bitumens occurring in the exposures of the Gachsaran Formation (Lower Miocene) and the Pabdeh Formation (Upper Paleocene to lowermost Oligocene) within the Khaviz and Kabirkuh anticlines in western Iran. The studied bitumens are present as bituminous marls and anhydrites; however, most occurrences are associated with filling the fractures and planar release joints. Among the studied samples, the highest metal enrichments (enrichment factors > 10 for V, Mo, Sc, Co, Ni, Ga, Cu, Pb, and Zn) are linked to euxinic conditions, as evidenced by V/(V + Ni) > 0.84, an average Ni/Co ratio of 37.9, and the relatively elevated co-enrichment of V, Mo, and U. Rare earth elements (REEs) generally exhibit very low enrichment in the studied samples, indicating they are not partitioned during bitumen generation. A flat REE patterns, together with the strong correlation of ∑REEs with Al2O3 (R2 = 0.80) and high field strength elements (HFSEs, such as Nb and Zr), suggests that REEs are primarily associated with the clay fraction as detrital components. The enrichment of trace elements is unaffected by detrital materials and, in contrast to REEs, is largely governed by redox conditions. The significant V enrichment, particularly in the fracture-filling bitumens of the Pabdeh Formation (up to 1089 ppm), highlights the importance of further exploration and assessment of the metallogenic potential of bitumen reserves within the Zagros orogenic belt.