<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the set of all nonnegative integers. Let <i>W</i> be a nonempty subset of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F^{*}(W)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the set of all finite, nonempty subsets of <i>W</i>. For any integer <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, let <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{g}(W)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the set of all numbers of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sum \limits _{f\in F} \varepsilon _{f}g^{f}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>g</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F\in F^{*}(W)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\le \varepsilon _{f}\le g-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}=W_{1}\cup W_{2} \cup \cdots \cup W_{h}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>∪</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a partition such that set <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{i}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is infinite for <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i=1, 2, \ldots , h\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Is the asymptotic basis <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A=A_{g}(W_{1})\cup A_{g}(W_{2})\cup \cdots \cup A_{g}(W_{h})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∪</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> minimal for all partition <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}=W_{1}\cup W_{2} \cup \cdots \cup W_{h}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>∪</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>? In this paper, we focus on this problem for <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and prove that <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A=A_{3}(W_{1})\cup A_{3}(W_{2}) \cup \cdots \cup A_{3}(W_{h})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∪</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is not a minimal asymptotic basis of order <i>h</i> if <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contains consecutive integers, <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{k}-1\subseteq W_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⊆</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{l}-1\subseteq W_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>l</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⊆</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for two distinct integers <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k, l\in \{2, \ldots , h\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Under the assumption that <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contains consecutive integers and <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{2}-1\subseteq W_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⊆</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we also prove that <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A=A_{3}(W_{1})\cup A_{3}(W_{2})\cup A_{3}(W_{3})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∪</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a minimal asymptotic basis of order three if and only if <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{3}-1\not \subseteq W_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⊈</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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On 3-adic asymptotic bases of order h

  • Xiao-Lin Bai,
  • Cui-Fang Sun

摘要

Let \(\mathbb {N}\) N be the set of all nonnegative integers. Let W be a nonempty subset of \(\mathbb {N}\) N and \(F^{*}(W)\) F ( W ) be the set of all finite, nonempty subsets of W. For any integer \(g\ge 2\) g 2 , let \(A_{g}(W)\) A g ( W ) be the set of all numbers of the form \(\sum \limits _{f\in F} \varepsilon _{f}g^{f}\) f F ε f g f , where \(F\in F^{*}(W)\) F F ( W ) and \(1\le \varepsilon _{f}\le g-1\) 1 ε f g - 1 . Let \(\mathbb {N}=W_{1}\cup W_{2} \cup \cdots \cup W_{h}\) N = W 1 W 2 W h be a partition such that set \(W_{i}\) W i is infinite for \(i=1, 2, \ldots , h\) i = 1 , 2 , , h . Is the asymptotic basis \(A=A_{g}(W_{1})\cup A_{g}(W_{2})\cup \cdots \cup A_{g}(W_{h})\) A = A g ( W 1 ) A g ( W 2 ) A g ( W h ) minimal for all partition \(\mathbb {N}=W_{1}\cup W_{2} \cup \cdots \cup W_{h}\) N = W 1 W 2 W h ? In this paper, we focus on this problem for \(h\ge 3\) h 3 and prove that \(A=A_{3}(W_{1})\cup A_{3}(W_{2}) \cup \cdots \cup A_{3}(W_{h})\) A = A 3 ( W 1 ) A 3 ( W 2 ) A 3 ( W h ) is not a minimal asymptotic basis of order h if \(W_{1}\) W 1 contains consecutive integers, \(W_{k}-1\subseteq W_{1}\) W k - 1 W 1 and \(W_{l}-1\subseteq W_{1}\) W l - 1 W 1 for two distinct integers \(k, l\in \{2, \ldots , h\}\) k , l { 2 , , h } . Under the assumption that \(W_{1}\) W 1 contains consecutive integers and \(W_{2}-1\subseteq W_{1}\) W 2 - 1 W 1 , we also prove that \(A=A_{3}(W_{1})\cup A_{3}(W_{2})\cup A_{3}(W_{3})\) A = A 3 ( W 1 ) A 3 ( W 2 ) A 3 ( W 3 ) is a minimal asymptotic basis of order three if and only if \(W_{3}-1\not \subseteq W_{1}\) W 3 - 1 W 1 .