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<p>Additively manufactured (AM) Inconel 718 components often exhibit residual stresses, chemical segregation and anisotropic grain structures that limit their performance relative to wrought materials. This study evaluates the integration of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) within conventional post-processing of Powder Bed Fusion–Laser Beam (PBF–LB) fabricated Inconel 718. A Taguchi L8 orthogonal array was used to investigate the influence of cooling and warming rates, soaking duration and number of cycles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified soaking time as the most influential parameter, contributing 55.60% to yield strength and 31.31% to elongation (<i>p</i>&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.005). Principal component analysis (PCA) was further employed to combine multiple mechanical responses into a single performance index. The optimal condition was obtained at a cooling and warming rate of 1&#xa0;°C/min, a 24&#xa0;h soak at − 196&#xa0;°C and two treatment cycles. Under this condition, yield strength, elongation and hardness increased by 11.6, 16.9 and 2.5%, respectively, while ultimate tensile strength remained within a narrow range of 1465–1485&#xa0;MPa. Microstructural analysis indicated a slightly more equiaxed grain morphology (aspect ratio ~ 1.38) and a more fragmented distribution of Laves and δ phases, with no significant change in overall phase fraction. Residual stress measurements showed a transition from a tensile-dominated state to a mixed biaxial condition with a compressive component of approximately − 165&#xa0;MPa.</p>

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Effect of deep cryogenic treatment within post-processing routes on the microstructure and properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Sujit Chaudhari,
  • Vishnu Wakchaure,
  • Prashant Nagare,
  • Suraj Kadhane,
  • Ravindra Gite

摘要

Additively manufactured (AM) Inconel 718 components often exhibit residual stresses, chemical segregation and anisotropic grain structures that limit their performance relative to wrought materials. This study evaluates the integration of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) within conventional post-processing of Powder Bed Fusion–Laser Beam (PBF–LB) fabricated Inconel 718. A Taguchi L8 orthogonal array was used to investigate the influence of cooling and warming rates, soaking duration and number of cycles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified soaking time as the most influential parameter, contributing 55.60% to yield strength and 31.31% to elongation (p < 0.005). Principal component analysis (PCA) was further employed to combine multiple mechanical responses into a single performance index. The optimal condition was obtained at a cooling and warming rate of 1 °C/min, a 24 h soak at − 196 °C and two treatment cycles. Under this condition, yield strength, elongation and hardness increased by 11.6, 16.9 and 2.5%, respectively, while ultimate tensile strength remained within a narrow range of 1465–1485 MPa. Microstructural analysis indicated a slightly more equiaxed grain morphology (aspect ratio ~ 1.38) and a more fragmented distribution of Laves and δ phases, with no significant change in overall phase fraction. Residual stress measurements showed a transition from a tensile-dominated state to a mixed biaxial condition with a compressive component of approximately − 165 MPa.