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<p>This study reports the fabrication and characterization of flaxseed mucilage (FSM), a novel hydrogel ink for extrusion-based 3D printing, focusing on printability, structural stability, swelling, and degradation. FSM was extracted from <i>Linum usitatissimum</i> seeds and formulated into three concentrations (FSM 1, FSM 2, FSM 3). Rheological analysis revealed shear-thinning behavior with viscosity increasing at higher concentrations. Optimized printing parameters enabled precise scaffold fabrication. FSM 3 exhibited the highest swelling capacity (~ 4000%) and diverse porous morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Degradation studies revealed progressive scaffold breakdown within 10&#xa0;days. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) indicated the characteristic FSM functional groups, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified its thermal stability. Mechanical testing showed enhanced compressive strength (11.57 ± 1.08&#xa0;kPa) and modulus (23.2 ± 2.16&#xa0;kPa) in FSM 3. The scaffolds also showed antibacterial drug release against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Overall, this study establishes FSM as a promising, sustainable biomaterial for developing 3D-printable scaffolds with tunable properties.</p>

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Development and characterization of novel flaxseed mucilage hydrogel inks for extrusion-based 3D printing: printability, swelling, degradation, structural stability, and drug release studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Pooja Kumari,
  • Snehlata Yadav,
  • Sushmitha Paulraj,
  • Rishabh Rai Kaushik,
  • Sanjeev Kumar Mahto

摘要

This study reports the fabrication and characterization of flaxseed mucilage (FSM), a novel hydrogel ink for extrusion-based 3D printing, focusing on printability, structural stability, swelling, and degradation. FSM was extracted from Linum usitatissimum seeds and formulated into three concentrations (FSM 1, FSM 2, FSM 3). Rheological analysis revealed shear-thinning behavior with viscosity increasing at higher concentrations. Optimized printing parameters enabled precise scaffold fabrication. FSM 3 exhibited the highest swelling capacity (~ 4000%) and diverse porous morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Degradation studies revealed progressive scaffold breakdown within 10 days. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) indicated the characteristic FSM functional groups, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified its thermal stability. Mechanical testing showed enhanced compressive strength (11.57 ± 1.08 kPa) and modulus (23.2 ± 2.16 kPa) in FSM 3. The scaffolds also showed antibacterial drug release against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, this study establishes FSM as a promising, sustainable biomaterial for developing 3D-printable scaffolds with tunable properties.