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<p>This paper presents an experimental study on the fabrication of a TiWMo refractory medium-entropy alloy (RMEA) using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M, commonly known as selective laser melting) from elemental powders as well as successful alloy formation on titanium substrates. The effects of tungsten particle size and process parameters on successful TiWMo RMEA fabrication have been explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction, hardness measurement and microstructural analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the lowest percentage (0.01%) of unmelted tungsten particles was observed at a laser power of 350 W and scanning speed of 250&#xa0;mm/s, particularly where fine tungsten particles (5–25 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\upmu\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>m) were used, indicating improved melting and mixing efficiency due to the combined effect of optimised parameters and particle size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase body-centred cubic (BCC) solid solution. The highest microhardness achieved was 633 HV.</p>

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Investigation of process parameters to fabricate TiWMo refractory medium entropy alloy via laser powder bed fusion

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Abdullah Al Masum Jabir,
  • Lindsey Salazar,
  • Jianzhi Li

摘要

This paper presents an experimental study on the fabrication of a TiWMo refractory medium-entropy alloy (RMEA) using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M, commonly known as selective laser melting) from elemental powders as well as successful alloy formation on titanium substrates. The effects of tungsten particle size and process parameters on successful TiWMo RMEA fabrication have been explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction, hardness measurement and microstructural analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the lowest percentage (0.01%) of unmelted tungsten particles was observed at a laser power of 350 W and scanning speed of 250 mm/s, particularly where fine tungsten particles (5–25 \(\upmu\) m) were used, indicating improved melting and mixing efficiency due to the combined effect of optimised parameters and particle size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase body-centred cubic (BCC) solid solution. The highest microhardness achieved was 633 HV.