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<p>Structural materials for next generation nuclear reactors require a robust microstructure that can withstand extreme temperatures, pressures, thermal gradients, and corrosion environments. Friction surfacing layer deposition (FSLD) is a solid-phase additive manufacturing technique that is suited for high temperature material deposition since it does not require any additional tooling. FSLD results in a dynamically recrystallized microstructure with highly refined grains. Here, we explore the application of FSLD to a NiCoFeCrCu high-entropy alloy to investigate the thermal history and microstructure evolution. After FSLD, a refined grain size of ~ 22&#xa0;μm and increased hardness up to 283 HV are achieved. The average yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the FSLD HEA are 336&#xa0;MPa and 584&#xa0;MPa, respectively. The peak temperature during deposition increases for subsequent layers of deposition by up to 100&#xa0;°C due to changes in thermal boundary conditions far from the substrate. The increase in temperature leads to a decrease in deposition efficiency of ~ 7% which correlates directly to the deposited layer geometry and strain rate. Consequently, A 9.5% reduction in ultimate tensile strength is observed when comparing material that has undergone several reheating cycles and freshly deposited material. The evolution of the key processing parameters such as temperature, strain rate, and reheating are directly correlated to variations in microstructure and mechanical properties.</p>

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Investigating the thermal history, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties during friction surfacing layer deposition of a NiCoFeCrCu high-entropy alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • David Garcia,
  • Tianhao Wang,
  • Subhashish Meher,
  • Mohan S. K. K. Y. Nartu,
  • Nicole R. Overman,
  • Jorge F. dos Santos,
  • Isabella J. van Rooyen

摘要

Structural materials for next generation nuclear reactors require a robust microstructure that can withstand extreme temperatures, pressures, thermal gradients, and corrosion environments. Friction surfacing layer deposition (FSLD) is a solid-phase additive manufacturing technique that is suited for high temperature material deposition since it does not require any additional tooling. FSLD results in a dynamically recrystallized microstructure with highly refined grains. Here, we explore the application of FSLD to a NiCoFeCrCu high-entropy alloy to investigate the thermal history and microstructure evolution. After FSLD, a refined grain size of ~ 22 μm and increased hardness up to 283 HV are achieved. The average yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the FSLD HEA are 336 MPa and 584 MPa, respectively. The peak temperature during deposition increases for subsequent layers of deposition by up to 100 °C due to changes in thermal boundary conditions far from the substrate. The increase in temperature leads to a decrease in deposition efficiency of ~ 7% which correlates directly to the deposited layer geometry and strain rate. Consequently, A 9.5% reduction in ultimate tensile strength is observed when comparing material that has undergone several reheating cycles and freshly deposited material. The evolution of the key processing parameters such as temperature, strain rate, and reheating are directly correlated to variations in microstructure and mechanical properties.