<p>Flexible and stretchable electronics can adapt to various deformations—such as bending, twisting, and stretching—and hold broad application potential in fields like flexible sensing and wearable devices. Among them, stretchable circuits, which serve as the core interconnect between components, are pivotal to the performance of the entire system. However, a fundamental trade-off exists between the electrical performance and stretchability of such circuits. In this study, we designed a horseshoe-shaped double-layer composite conductor for fabricating stretchable circuits using direct writing and electrochemical 3D printing. This geometry not only enhances the electrical performance of the conductor but also ensures its mechanical stability during stretching. Compared with single-layer stretchable circuits, those with the horseshoe-shaped double-layer conductive structure show an improvement in electrical performance by a factor of 2.86 in the unstretched state and by 4.05 times at 70% strain. Moreover, after 1000 cycles of stretching and bending, the relative change in resistance remains below 15%. The resulting circuits thus maintain high electrical performance while offering notable stretchability and durability, providing a promising approach for developing high-performance flexible stretchable electronics.</p>

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Fabrication of stretchable conductor with horseshoe-shaped double-layer composite conductive structures via direct ink writing and electrochemical 3D printing technologies

  • Rongxiao Ma,
  • Hongke Li,
  • Jianjun Yang,
  • Tongsheng Zhang,
  • Wenzheng Sun,
  • Yaxiao Wang,
  • Xiangnan Shi,
  • Xiaoyang Zhu,
  • Hongbo Lan,
  • Yuansheng Zhu

摘要

Flexible and stretchable electronics can adapt to various deformations—such as bending, twisting, and stretching—and hold broad application potential in fields like flexible sensing and wearable devices. Among them, stretchable circuits, which serve as the core interconnect between components, are pivotal to the performance of the entire system. However, a fundamental trade-off exists between the electrical performance and stretchability of such circuits. In this study, we designed a horseshoe-shaped double-layer composite conductor for fabricating stretchable circuits using direct writing and electrochemical 3D printing. This geometry not only enhances the electrical performance of the conductor but also ensures its mechanical stability during stretching. Compared with single-layer stretchable circuits, those with the horseshoe-shaped double-layer conductive structure show an improvement in electrical performance by a factor of 2.86 in the unstretched state and by 4.05 times at 70% strain. Moreover, after 1000 cycles of stretching and bending, the relative change in resistance remains below 15%. The resulting circuits thus maintain high electrical performance while offering notable stretchability and durability, providing a promising approach for developing high-performance flexible stretchable electronics.