<p>This paper systematically evaluates the influence of varying silicon (Si) contents in the range of 0.6~3.0wt.% (mass fraction) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron. The results demonstrate that Si significantly modifies the solidification path and microstructural features. With increasing Si content, the matrix progressively transforms from predominantly austenitic to pearlitic, accompanied by a continuous increase in the volume fraction of M₇C₃ carbides and a morphological transition from rosette-like to elongated structures. The hardness reaches a maximum at 2.0 wt.% Si, while the compressive strength peaks at 1.5 wt.% Si, reflecting the combined effects of solid-solution strengthening and microstructural evolution. Tribological testing reveals a pronounced non-monotonic dependence of wear resistance on Si content. The optimum performance is obtained at 1.5 wt.% Si, corresponding to the lowest wear rate of 2.36 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/(N·m). This improvement is attributed to enhanced matrix support and a more uniform carbide distribution. In contrast, excessive Si addition (≥2.5 wt.%) promotes pearlite formation and interfacial degradation, leading to severe delamination and increased wear loss. The dominant wear mechanisms are identified as abrasive and adhesive wear. Overall, the findings highlight the critical role of Si in balancing matrix properties and carbide characteristics and provide a basis for optimizing the composition of high-chromium cast iron for advanced wear-resistant applications.</p>