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<p>This study examines the influence of silicon (3.1–4.0&#xa0;wt.%), mold preheating temperature (350–450&#xa0;°C), and inoculation level (0.3–0.9&#xa0;wt.%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile iron cast in permanent molds. Microstructural characterization, hardness testing, and tensile testing were conducted to evaluate the relationships between processing parameters, microstructure, and properties. It was found that increasing Si and inoculation level increased nodule count and promoted ferrite in the matrix. The highest nodule count (&gt; 2000 nodules/mm<sup>2</sup>) was achieved at 3.7&#xa0;wt.%Si with 0.9&#xa0;wt.% inoculation. In addition, very high cooling rates caused by using permanent molds typically promoted carbide formation. In this study, however, the carbide formation was effectively suppressed by increasing Si and mold preheating temperature. The complete elimination of carbides was achieved at ≥ 4.0&#xa0;wt.%Si or at higher mold preheating temperature (&gt; 400&#xa0;°C). The best combination of properties was obtained at approximately 4.0&#xa0;wt.%Si, 400–450&#xa0;°C mold preheating temperature, and 0.9&#xa0;wt.% inoculation, resulting in a tensile strength of 550–600&#xa0;MPa and elongation of 15–20% without carbide formation. Increasing mold preheating temperature and inoculation led to larger secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), which was associated with reduced strength and hardness. The results showed that optimized parameters in permanent mold casting can produce high-Si ductile iron with strength and ductility, exceeding standard requirements without additional alloying elements.</p>

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Influences of Casting Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Iron in Permanent Mold

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • W. Boonyarit,
  • S. Boonmee

摘要

This study examines the influence of silicon (3.1–4.0 wt.%), mold preheating temperature (350–450 °C), and inoculation level (0.3–0.9 wt.%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile iron cast in permanent molds. Microstructural characterization, hardness testing, and tensile testing were conducted to evaluate the relationships between processing parameters, microstructure, and properties. It was found that increasing Si and inoculation level increased nodule count and promoted ferrite in the matrix. The highest nodule count (> 2000 nodules/mm2) was achieved at 3.7 wt.%Si with 0.9 wt.% inoculation. In addition, very high cooling rates caused by using permanent molds typically promoted carbide formation. In this study, however, the carbide formation was effectively suppressed by increasing Si and mold preheating temperature. The complete elimination of carbides was achieved at ≥ 4.0 wt.%Si or at higher mold preheating temperature (> 400 °C). The best combination of properties was obtained at approximately 4.0 wt.%Si, 400–450 °C mold preheating temperature, and 0.9 wt.% inoculation, resulting in a tensile strength of 550–600 MPa and elongation of 15–20% without carbide formation. Increasing mold preheating temperature and inoculation led to larger secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), which was associated with reduced strength and hardness. The results showed that optimized parameters in permanent mold casting can produce high-Si ductile iron with strength and ductility, exceeding standard requirements without additional alloying elements.