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<p>The effects of Bi addition (0–0.015&#xa0;wt.%) on graphite morphology, matrix structure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of Cu-containing ductile iron were systematically investigated. The results revealed that trace Bi addition significantly improves the nodularity, average diameter, and number density of graphite particles and promotes pearlite formation in the matrix. With increasing Bi addition, the tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the ductile iron initially increased and then stabilized. When Bi was added at 0.010&#xa0;wt.%, the material achieved a Brinell hardness of 253 HB (12.4% higher than the Bi-0 specimen), a tensile strength of 615 MPa (17.8% higher), and a wear volume as low as 6.42×10<sup>−5</sup>&#xa0;mm<sup>−3</sup>/N·m (a reduction of approximately 63.2% compared to the Bi-0 specimen). The study confirmed that Bi enhances the strength and wear resistance of ductile iron by regulating the graphite morphology and the fraction of pearlite in the matrix. The work provides experimental evidence and technical guidance for the preparation and engineering application of high-performance pearlitic ductile iron.</p>

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Effect of Bi on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Cu-Alloyed Ductile Iron

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Mingchen Han,
  • Haibo Lin,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Zhenglu Shi,
  • Jingwen Tian,
  • Qimin Dai,
  • Keqiang Qiu

摘要

The effects of Bi addition (0–0.015 wt.%) on graphite morphology, matrix structure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of Cu-containing ductile iron were systematically investigated. The results revealed that trace Bi addition significantly improves the nodularity, average diameter, and number density of graphite particles and promotes pearlite formation in the matrix. With increasing Bi addition, the tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the ductile iron initially increased and then stabilized. When Bi was added at 0.010 wt.%, the material achieved a Brinell hardness of 253 HB (12.4% higher than the Bi-0 specimen), a tensile strength of 615 MPa (17.8% higher), and a wear volume as low as 6.42×10−5 mm−3/N·m (a reduction of approximately 63.2% compared to the Bi-0 specimen). The study confirmed that Bi enhances the strength and wear resistance of ductile iron by regulating the graphite morphology and the fraction of pearlite in the matrix. The work provides experimental evidence and technical guidance for the preparation and engineering application of high-performance pearlitic ductile iron.