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<p>This study systematically investigates the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphite (Gr) reinforcements on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, wear behavior, and corrosion resistance of A360 aluminum alloy-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs). Hybrid composites were fabricated using the stir casting technique with varying reinforcement contents of MWCNTs (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5&#xa0;wt.%) and Gr (3, 6, and 9&#xa0;wt.%). Microstructural analysis revealed uniform reinforcement distribution and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis exhibit an equiaxed grain structure with increasing kernel average misorientation (KAM) values and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density as reinforcement content increased. The developed composite with 1.5&#xa0;wt.% MWCNTs and 9&#xa0;wt.% Gr exhibited a better grain refinement, which resulted in a decreased average grain size of 134.46&#xa0;μm and achieved 27.36% higher hardness when compared to the composite containing 0.5&#xa0;wt.% MWCNTs and 3&#xa0;wt.% Gr. Further, tribological testing demonstrated a superior wear resistance due to the self-lubricating effect of MWCNTs and Gr, which formed a protective tribolayer on wear surfaces. Additionally, electrochemical corrosion testing revealed enhanced corrosion resistance through passive film formation. The combined effects of grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, and self-lubrication render these developed composites, suitable for lightweight, high-performance aerospace and defense applications, operating under extreme conditions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological Performances of MWCNTs and Gr Particles Addition on the A360 Aluminum Alloy Produced Through Stir Casting Method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • A. Sathishkumar,
  • R. Soundararajan,
  • K. Kaviyarasan,
  • S. Sivasankaran,
  • A. Ramesh

摘要

This study systematically investigates the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphite (Gr) reinforcements on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, wear behavior, and corrosion resistance of A360 aluminum alloy-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs). Hybrid composites were fabricated using the stir casting technique with varying reinforcement contents of MWCNTs (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.%) and Gr (3, 6, and 9 wt.%). Microstructural analysis revealed uniform reinforcement distribution and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis exhibit an equiaxed grain structure with increasing kernel average misorientation (KAM) values and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density as reinforcement content increased. The developed composite with 1.5 wt.% MWCNTs and 9 wt.% Gr exhibited a better grain refinement, which resulted in a decreased average grain size of 134.46 μm and achieved 27.36% higher hardness when compared to the composite containing 0.5 wt.% MWCNTs and 3 wt.% Gr. Further, tribological testing demonstrated a superior wear resistance due to the self-lubricating effect of MWCNTs and Gr, which formed a protective tribolayer on wear surfaces. Additionally, electrochemical corrosion testing revealed enhanced corrosion resistance through passive film formation. The combined effects of grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, and self-lubrication render these developed composites, suitable for lightweight, high-performance aerospace and defense applications, operating under extreme conditions.

Graphical Abstract