<p>Electroslag casting (ESC), as an advanced casting technology, has attracted attention for its excellent casting quality and wide application potential. Its historical background can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century, and it has gone through several technological innovations and has gradually become an important method for manufacturing high-performance alloy materials. This study provides an overview of the development status of international ESC. Over several generations of research and development by global researchers, ESC technology and its products have seen significantly improvement, leading to the emergence of specially-shaped castings such as turbine guide vanes, turbine blade plates, and valve bodies. These innovations are achieved through the utilization of ESC and its derived techniques, including centrifugal electroslag casting, electroslag continuous casting, or electroslag permanent mold casting, which have found widespread application across various industries, including aviation, warship construction, and water conservation. Compared with traditional casting or forging methods, the ESC hollow casting process can effectively reduce the defect rate of products. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the basic principles, mold design, process improvement, and application cases of electroslag casting technology, revealing the significance of its research and future development direction.</p>