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<p>A quantitative analysis of strength, failure, and deformation characteristics of rocks under true-triaxial stress across brittle-ductile regime is essential for deep underground engineering construction. To this end, a series of true-triaxial tests following a common loading path were performed on green sandstone. An explicit Matsuoka-Nakai-Mohr–Coulomb strength model is proposed and validated against true-triaxial strength data for green sandstone, Sorcy limestone, and Bentheim sandstone. Based on post-peak behavior, the stress–strain curves are classified into yield softening, yield plateau, and yield hardening, and further into plastic volumetric dilation and contraction. Strain trajectories within meridian plane exhibit a clockwise rotation trend as intermediate principal stress rises, indicating that the rock tends to undergo volumetric deformation rather than shear deformation. The difference between strain and stress Lode angles decreases with increasing intermediate principal stress, reflecting Lode angle sensitivity of deformation. Failure modes are categorized into penetrating, discrete, and indistinct shear bands, primarily controlled by hydrostatic pressure. With increasing hydrostatic pressure, shear bands evolve from dilatant to contractive behavior, and the formation of penetrating shear bands inhibits sustained plastic hardening.</p>

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Systematic investigation on true-triaxial mechanical behavior of sandstone across brittle-ductile regime

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Jiacun Liu,
  • Chi Zhang,
  • Junjie Xiao,
  • Ying Xu,
  • Kaiwen Xia

摘要

A quantitative analysis of strength, failure, and deformation characteristics of rocks under true-triaxial stress across brittle-ductile regime is essential for deep underground engineering construction. To this end, a series of true-triaxial tests following a common loading path were performed on green sandstone. An explicit Matsuoka-Nakai-Mohr–Coulomb strength model is proposed and validated against true-triaxial strength data for green sandstone, Sorcy limestone, and Bentheim sandstone. Based on post-peak behavior, the stress–strain curves are classified into yield softening, yield plateau, and yield hardening, and further into plastic volumetric dilation and contraction. Strain trajectories within meridian plane exhibit a clockwise rotation trend as intermediate principal stress rises, indicating that the rock tends to undergo volumetric deformation rather than shear deformation. The difference between strain and stress Lode angles decreases with increasing intermediate principal stress, reflecting Lode angle sensitivity of deformation. Failure modes are categorized into penetrating, discrete, and indistinct shear bands, primarily controlled by hydrostatic pressure. With increasing hydrostatic pressure, shear bands evolve from dilatant to contractive behavior, and the formation of penetrating shear bands inhibits sustained plastic hardening.