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<p>The rheological properties of soft rocks significantly affect the long-term stability of deep roadways. As the fundamental units of rocks, the mineral components play a crucial role in the time-dependent failure process of soft rocks. In order to study the instability mechanism of the red shale roadways in Kaiyang phosphate mining area, this study conducted red shale mineral nanoindentation rheological tests after drying and soaking in water for 24&#xa0;h, revealing the impact of hydration on the rheological properties of main minerals in red shale. The X-ray diffraction tests showed that the red shale is mainly composed of quartz, plagioclase, chlorite, and illite. The nanoindentation experiment showed that the hardness of quartz increases slightly after soaking in water for 24&#xa0;h, and after soaking in water for 24&#xa0;h, the hardness of plagioclase sharply decreases, indicating that water has a significant impact on the hardness of plagioclase. For chlorite and illite, the hardness of both clay minerals decreases slightly after soaking in water, indicating that hydration will further aggravate the deterioration of the internal pores of clay minerals, which will reduce their hardness. In addition, the nanoindentation creep process of minerals is divided into two stages, namely the deceleration creep stage and the constant velocity creep stage. The creep rate of minerals first decreases with increasing time and then remains basically stable. The initial creep rate of each mineral is greater than 20&#xa0;nm/s.</p>

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Rheological properties of red shale mineral components by nanoindentation experiment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Zhenqian Ma,
  • Lang Zhou,
  • Shaojie Zuo,
  • Xiangtao Kang,
  • Jimin Zhang

摘要

The rheological properties of soft rocks significantly affect the long-term stability of deep roadways. As the fundamental units of rocks, the mineral components play a crucial role in the time-dependent failure process of soft rocks. In order to study the instability mechanism of the red shale roadways in Kaiyang phosphate mining area, this study conducted red shale mineral nanoindentation rheological tests after drying and soaking in water for 24 h, revealing the impact of hydration on the rheological properties of main minerals in red shale. The X-ray diffraction tests showed that the red shale is mainly composed of quartz, plagioclase, chlorite, and illite. The nanoindentation experiment showed that the hardness of quartz increases slightly after soaking in water for 24 h, and after soaking in water for 24 h, the hardness of plagioclase sharply decreases, indicating that water has a significant impact on the hardness of plagioclase. For chlorite and illite, the hardness of both clay minerals decreases slightly after soaking in water, indicating that hydration will further aggravate the deterioration of the internal pores of clay minerals, which will reduce their hardness. In addition, the nanoindentation creep process of minerals is divided into two stages, namely the deceleration creep stage and the constant velocity creep stage. The creep rate of minerals first decreases with increasing time and then remains basically stable. The initial creep rate of each mineral is greater than 20 nm/s.