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<p>Laminated glass (LG) is essential in impact-resistant glazing systems for protection against extreme conditions like hurricanes, forced entry, air blasts, and ballistic attacks. However, the perforation resistance of LG to large rigid missile impacts is not well understood, as studies focus on small missile impacts due to the high cost and difficulty of conducting full-scale tests. Most studies on the failure of laminated float glass under impact focus on static or quasi-static parameters. Few have explored how loading rates affect impact resistance predictions of LG in dynamic conditions. There are no guidelines for evaluating the resistance of LG to rigid projectiles, considering projectile mass, velocity, and contact area independently. This study addresses these gaps by calibrating the Johnson-Holmquist Ceramic (JH-2) parameters for LG through a meta-analysis of existing studies, improving impact simulation accuracy. A finite element (FE) model is developed to predict the impact response of LG panels with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayers under large missile impacts and is validated against experimental data in the literature, which are conducted according to the ASTM standards. The study further extends the numerical model to develop perforation vulnerability curves for LG panels across 230 impact scenarios. Key findings show that interlayer thickness enhances perforation resistance. Unlike past numerical studies, this research includes silicone sealants between glass and aluminium frames, reducing peak stress by over 90%, delaying stress peaks, redistributing impact energy, and reducing cracks at panel edges. It also confirms that impact momentum alone cannot predict perforation resistance, highlighting the individual contributions of projectile mass, impact velocity, and projectile contact area. These insights form a framework for assessing LG performance under high-strain impacts, aligning theoretical models with real-world conditions, and guiding the design of safer, efficient impact-resistant glazing systems.</p>

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Performance evaluation of laminated glass panels under large rigid missile impacts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Tissa Withanage Malith Chanaka Wanigasooriya,
  • Hasitha Damruwan Hidallana-Gamage,
  • Kathirgamanathan Baskaran,
  • Gamaralalage Chathura Samudika Jayaweera

摘要

Laminated glass (LG) is essential in impact-resistant glazing systems for protection against extreme conditions like hurricanes, forced entry, air blasts, and ballistic attacks. However, the perforation resistance of LG to large rigid missile impacts is not well understood, as studies focus on small missile impacts due to the high cost and difficulty of conducting full-scale tests. Most studies on the failure of laminated float glass under impact focus on static or quasi-static parameters. Few have explored how loading rates affect impact resistance predictions of LG in dynamic conditions. There are no guidelines for evaluating the resistance of LG to rigid projectiles, considering projectile mass, velocity, and contact area independently. This study addresses these gaps by calibrating the Johnson-Holmquist Ceramic (JH-2) parameters for LG through a meta-analysis of existing studies, improving impact simulation accuracy. A finite element (FE) model is developed to predict the impact response of LG panels with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayers under large missile impacts and is validated against experimental data in the literature, which are conducted according to the ASTM standards. The study further extends the numerical model to develop perforation vulnerability curves for LG panels across 230 impact scenarios. Key findings show that interlayer thickness enhances perforation resistance. Unlike past numerical studies, this research includes silicone sealants between glass and aluminium frames, reducing peak stress by over 90%, delaying stress peaks, redistributing impact energy, and reducing cracks at panel edges. It also confirms that impact momentum alone cannot predict perforation resistance, highlighting the individual contributions of projectile mass, impact velocity, and projectile contact area. These insights form a framework for assessing LG performance under high-strain impacts, aligning theoretical models with real-world conditions, and guiding the design of safer, efficient impact-resistant glazing systems.