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<p>Water security in coastal Bangladesh is increasingly undermined by climate-induced salinity intrusion, seasonal variability, and socio-economic constraints. This study assesses household-level water security in the southwestern coastal region using a four-dimensional framework encompassing availability, accessibility, quality, and utilization. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected through a household survey (<i>n</i> = 452), water quality testing (<i>n</i> = 53 samples), focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Findings show that dry-season salinity renders most surface and groundwater sources functionally unusable, forcing households to rely on rainwater harvesting and purchased water. Inferential statistical analysis indicates that purchasing drinking water is strongly associated with long distance to safe water sources (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), reflecting access-driven affordability stress rather than household preference. Logistic regression further demonstrates that drinking water dissatisfaction is significantly influenced by source distance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and household income (<i>p</i> = 0.001), confirming that utilization outcomes are structurally mediated. Water quality analysis confirms that pond and river sources exceed permissible salinity thresholds, whereas rainwater remains consistently safe. Health risks are unequally distributed: lower-income households face significantly higher odds of water-related diseases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and drinking water source distance is a significant predictor of disease occurrence (<i>p</i> = 0.048). By statistically linking biophysical water degradation with socio-economic and access inequalities, the study highlights targeted interventions, including expanded rainwater harvesting with sufficient storage, regulation of salinity-intensive shrimp aquaculture, and affordable near-household water supply to reduce gendered labor burdens and health risks and advance equitable, climate-resilient governance in salinity-affected coastal regions.</p>

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Water security challenges in coastal Bangladesh: a multi-dimensional approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Biplob Kanti Mondal,
  • Bivuti Bhushan Sikder,
  • Borshon Bhattacharjee,
  • Sheikh Mohiuddin Shahrujjaman,
  • Md Sohan Khan

摘要

Water security in coastal Bangladesh is increasingly undermined by climate-induced salinity intrusion, seasonal variability, and socio-economic constraints. This study assesses household-level water security in the southwestern coastal region using a four-dimensional framework encompassing availability, accessibility, quality, and utilization. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected through a household survey (n = 452), water quality testing (n = 53 samples), focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Findings show that dry-season salinity renders most surface and groundwater sources functionally unusable, forcing households to rely on rainwater harvesting and purchased water. Inferential statistical analysis indicates that purchasing drinking water is strongly associated with long distance to safe water sources (p < 0.001), reflecting access-driven affordability stress rather than household preference. Logistic regression further demonstrates that drinking water dissatisfaction is significantly influenced by source distance (p < 0.001) and household income (p = 0.001), confirming that utilization outcomes are structurally mediated. Water quality analysis confirms that pond and river sources exceed permissible salinity thresholds, whereas rainwater remains consistently safe. Health risks are unequally distributed: lower-income households face significantly higher odds of water-related diseases (p < 0.001), and drinking water source distance is a significant predictor of disease occurrence (p = 0.048). By statistically linking biophysical water degradation with socio-economic and access inequalities, the study highlights targeted interventions, including expanded rainwater harvesting with sufficient storage, regulation of salinity-intensive shrimp aquaculture, and affordable near-household water supply to reduce gendered labor burdens and health risks and advance equitable, climate-resilient governance in salinity-affected coastal regions.