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<p>Udaipurwati granite is located in the Khetri copper belt of semi-arid region of India. Pyrite and marble mines are also active in the region. A total 58 groundwater and 4 pit lake samples were collected to assess the impact of mining activities on the groundwater resources. The concentration of Fe, Mn and Zn exceeds the permissible limit set by World Health Organisation (WHO) in 95%, 10% and 9% respectively in the groundwater. The long-term consumption of metal contaminated groundwater could result in adverse effects on health and the hazard index is a numerical value used to assess probability of the risk. The calculated hazard index for ingestion and dermal exposure exceeds the unity at some locations indicating a higher likelihood of increased risk among the local community. The average concentration of Fe and Mn are 504 and 2237&#xa0;μg/L respectively in the pyrite pit lakes suggesting the low dissolution of Fe compared to Mn in the oxic conditions at neutral pH. The fractures and fissures created during the excavation of open pit can influence the oxygen level of groundwater. Additionally, depletion of groundwater due to anthropogenic (overexploitation) and natural (low rainfall) factors also contribute to variation in redox conditions. Thus, the higher concentrations are cumulative effect of reductive dissolution of minerals and contamination by mines. The implementation of remediation technologies for groundwater is highly recommended for the region.</p>

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Evaluation of iron, zinc, and manganese sources and associated health risks in groundwater of the mining-impacted semi-arid Udaipurwati Granite Region, Rajasthan, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月19日

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  • Anita Punia,
  • Rishikesh Bharti,
  • Pankaj Kumar,
  • Pavitra V. Kumar

摘要

Udaipurwati granite is located in the Khetri copper belt of semi-arid region of India. Pyrite and marble mines are also active in the region. A total 58 groundwater and 4 pit lake samples were collected to assess the impact of mining activities on the groundwater resources. The concentration of Fe, Mn and Zn exceeds the permissible limit set by World Health Organisation (WHO) in 95%, 10% and 9% respectively in the groundwater. The long-term consumption of metal contaminated groundwater could result in adverse effects on health and the hazard index is a numerical value used to assess probability of the risk. The calculated hazard index for ingestion and dermal exposure exceeds the unity at some locations indicating a higher likelihood of increased risk among the local community. The average concentration of Fe and Mn are 504 and 2237 μg/L respectively in the pyrite pit lakes suggesting the low dissolution of Fe compared to Mn in the oxic conditions at neutral pH. The fractures and fissures created during the excavation of open pit can influence the oxygen level of groundwater. Additionally, depletion of groundwater due to anthropogenic (overexploitation) and natural (low rainfall) factors also contribute to variation in redox conditions. Thus, the higher concentrations are cumulative effect of reductive dissolution of minerals and contamination by mines. The implementation of remediation technologies for groundwater is highly recommended for the region.