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<p>Subsurface drainage has been implemented on 23 million ha of Midwest agricultural lands to improve crop productivity. However, it can favor transporting dissolved nutrient losses from agricultural fields into water bodies, impacting water quality. The objective of the study was to quantify cover crop (CC) effects on phosphorus and sediment losses of tile-drained terraces on a claypan soil under a corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)- soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) rotation. This study utilized a paired watershed approach with two adjacent watersheds to compare the CC effects on the flow discharge, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate (OP) losses of tiled runoff. Both terraced watersheds were instrumented with tile drain systems, flow meters, and water samplers. The study consisted of a 23-month calibration and a 36-month treatment period. Twenty-four paired events were used for the calibration (12 events) and treatment (12) periods. The CC treatment reduced flow discharge and TP losses by 30% and 75%, respectively, compared to the control watershed (ρ &lt; 0.05). Total suspended solids (TSS) and orthophosphate (OP) loss reductions in the discharge of the CC watershed were 29% and 69% less than in the control treatment but not statistically significant at the 5% confidence level. Results of this study show that CCs could be used to reduce subsurface flow discharge and TP losses in terraced corn-soybean rotation fields. Results also emphasize the importance of more extended calibration and validation periods to understand long-term effects of CC on the water quality of terraced watersheds.</p>

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Effects of cover crops on subsurface flow, total suspended solids (TSS), and phosphorus losses: a paired watershed study in Missouri Claypan soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Miguel Salceda-Gonzalez,
  • Ranjith P. Udawatta,
  • Lalith M. Rankoth,
  • Kelly A. Nelson

摘要

Subsurface drainage has been implemented on 23 million ha of Midwest agricultural lands to improve crop productivity. However, it can favor transporting dissolved nutrient losses from agricultural fields into water bodies, impacting water quality. The objective of the study was to quantify cover crop (CC) effects on phosphorus and sediment losses of tile-drained terraces on a claypan soil under a corn (Zea mays L.)- soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. This study utilized a paired watershed approach with two adjacent watersheds to compare the CC effects on the flow discharge, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate (OP) losses of tiled runoff. Both terraced watersheds were instrumented with tile drain systems, flow meters, and water samplers. The study consisted of a 23-month calibration and a 36-month treatment period. Twenty-four paired events were used for the calibration (12 events) and treatment (12) periods. The CC treatment reduced flow discharge and TP losses by 30% and 75%, respectively, compared to the control watershed (ρ < 0.05). Total suspended solids (TSS) and orthophosphate (OP) loss reductions in the discharge of the CC watershed were 29% and 69% less than in the control treatment but not statistically significant at the 5% confidence level. Results of this study show that CCs could be used to reduce subsurface flow discharge and TP losses in terraced corn-soybean rotation fields. Results also emphasize the importance of more extended calibration and validation periods to understand long-term effects of CC on the water quality of terraced watersheds.