<p>Parental phubbing, defined as parents’ phone use during parent–child interactions that leaves children or adolescents feeling ignored, has been linked to internalizing and externalizing problems in children and adolescents. However, existing meta-analyses have focused on single outcome domains and have not modeled dependent effect sizes within studies. This study used a three-level meta-analysis to synthesize this association. A search of seven databases through August 1, 2024, identified 47 studies, 80 effect sizes, and 56,143 participants (mean age = 13.24&#xa0;years; 51.0% female). Most studies were cross-sectional and conducted in China; only two were longitudinal, and one was conducted outside China. Results showed a positive association between parental phubbing and internalizing and externalizing problems (<i>r</i> = 0.258, 95% CI [0.227, 0.289]), with similar estimates for internalizing (<i>r</i> = 0.269) and externalizing problems (<i>r</i> = 0.246). Report source significantly moderated the association, with stronger correlations in child- or adolescent-report studies than in parent-report studies. Specific outcome category was not a significant moderator, although exploratory comparisons showed a stronger correlation with depressive symptoms than with hyperactivity. These findings clarify the association between parental phubbing and internalizing and externalizing problems in children and adolescents and highlight the importance of report source in interpreting this association.</p>