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<p>This manuscript presents a rheological investigation of cement–bentonite slurry mixtures for jet grouting applications, using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). While the strength of GGBFS-stabilised soils has been widely studied, its rheological properties for jet grouting applications remains largely unexplored. In this study, slurry samples of GGBFS–OPC–bentonite mixtures are tested using an MCR 702e Modular Compact Rheometer. The results are assessed for their fit to several non-Newtonian rheological models. Among them, the Herschel–Bulkley model best describes the flow behaviour of samples with different GGBFS contents of 60%, 50% and 40% replacing OPC. The GGBFS replacement enhances cohesion, leading to higher yield stress and reduced plastic viscosity. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and hydraulic conductivity tests are conducted on slurries admixed with sand for different curing periods. The UCS results indicate that strength increases with GGBFS replacement up to 50% but decreases at 60% after 28 days of curing, whereas prolonged curing for 90 days leads to significant strength gain for the 60% GGBFS mixture. The hydraulic conductivity results show values from 10<sup>− 8</sup> to 10<sup>− 9</sup> m/s for 28-day curing, with the 30B5050d28 and 30B4060d28 mixtures exhibiting values below 1 × 10<sup>− 8</sup>&#xa0;m/s, meeting the typical design criteria for jet-grout cut-off walls. Overall, the study highlights the critical role of GGBFS as a partial cement replacement in achieving optimal field performance in jet grouting.</p>

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Rheological Investigation of Slag-Cement-Bentonite Slurries with Strength and Hydraulic Conductivity Performance Evaluation for Jet Grouting Applications in Sand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Khin Thinn Soe,
  • Akanksha Tyagi

摘要

This manuscript presents a rheological investigation of cement–bentonite slurry mixtures for jet grouting applications, using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). While the strength of GGBFS-stabilised soils has been widely studied, its rheological properties for jet grouting applications remains largely unexplored. In this study, slurry samples of GGBFS–OPC–bentonite mixtures are tested using an MCR 702e Modular Compact Rheometer. The results are assessed for their fit to several non-Newtonian rheological models. Among them, the Herschel–Bulkley model best describes the flow behaviour of samples with different GGBFS contents of 60%, 50% and 40% replacing OPC. The GGBFS replacement enhances cohesion, leading to higher yield stress and reduced plastic viscosity. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and hydraulic conductivity tests are conducted on slurries admixed with sand for different curing periods. The UCS results indicate that strength increases with GGBFS replacement up to 50% but decreases at 60% after 28 days of curing, whereas prolonged curing for 90 days leads to significant strength gain for the 60% GGBFS mixture. The hydraulic conductivity results show values from 10− 8 to 10− 9 m/s for 28-day curing, with the 30B5050d28 and 30B4060d28 mixtures exhibiting values below 1 × 10− 8 m/s, meeting the typical design criteria for jet-grout cut-off walls. Overall, the study highlights the critical role of GGBFS as a partial cement replacement in achieving optimal field performance in jet grouting.