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<p>This study investigates the response of wrap-faced GRS walls with marginal backfill under static, pseudo-static, and dynamic conditions. Finite element analyses of GRS walls with wraparound fascia are carried out by incorporating variations in reinforcement stiffness and marginal backfill cohesion. It is observed that under gravity loading, a triangular wedge develops in the retained fill, while the reinforced fill exhibit a potential bilinear failure mechanism. Owing to the stress reversals and redistributions by the flexible reinforcements and fascia, the strength reduction factor (SRF) from the dynamic analysis are found to be more than 1.5 times higher than that of the static and pseudo-static scenarios, thereby highlighting the conservativeness of the time-independent pseudo-static designs. Compared to pseudo-static assessment, the time-history analysis of the flexible wrap-faced GRS walls are found to reduce the lateral displacements by 30%-50%. In comparison to the reinforcement stiffness, cohesion of the marginal backfill aids in the reduction of mobilized peak reinforcement load by 1.4 times to that obtained from pseudo-static analyses. Crest accelerations along the wall face is found to be amplified in the range of 2.5-4 when compared to the bottom of the wall. Potential failure surfaces are found to form approximately 0.7&#xa0;m from the wall face for the bottom two-third of the wall for any combination of analyses type, backfill cohesion and reinforcement stiffness, while noticeable differences are observed for the remaining height of the wall. An average trend agreement is noticed between the identified potential failure surfaces to that of Rankine’s active failure line with associated notable differences.</p>

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Seismic Response and Potential Failure Mechanism of Wrap-Faced Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls with Marginal Backfill

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Mihretab Madamo,
  • Arindam Dey

摘要

This study investigates the response of wrap-faced GRS walls with marginal backfill under static, pseudo-static, and dynamic conditions. Finite element analyses of GRS walls with wraparound fascia are carried out by incorporating variations in reinforcement stiffness and marginal backfill cohesion. It is observed that under gravity loading, a triangular wedge develops in the retained fill, while the reinforced fill exhibit a potential bilinear failure mechanism. Owing to the stress reversals and redistributions by the flexible reinforcements and fascia, the strength reduction factor (SRF) from the dynamic analysis are found to be more than 1.5 times higher than that of the static and pseudo-static scenarios, thereby highlighting the conservativeness of the time-independent pseudo-static designs. Compared to pseudo-static assessment, the time-history analysis of the flexible wrap-faced GRS walls are found to reduce the lateral displacements by 30%-50%. In comparison to the reinforcement stiffness, cohesion of the marginal backfill aids in the reduction of mobilized peak reinforcement load by 1.4 times to that obtained from pseudo-static analyses. Crest accelerations along the wall face is found to be amplified in the range of 2.5-4 when compared to the bottom of the wall. Potential failure surfaces are found to form approximately 0.7 m from the wall face for the bottom two-third of the wall for any combination of analyses type, backfill cohesion and reinforcement stiffness, while noticeable differences are observed for the remaining height of the wall. An average trend agreement is noticed between the identified potential failure surfaces to that of Rankine’s active failure line with associated notable differences.