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<p>Pile foundations, as a critical foundation technology in modern engineering, are often associated with accidents resulting from their concealed nature and complex geological conditions. Real-time monitoring of axial force allows for tracking stress variations within piles and issuing early warnings, thereby contributing to the optimization of pile foundation design and construction parameters. To address the high costs and sensor vulnerability associated with conventional distributed axial force testing methods, this study employs sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) in comparison with conventional strain gauges during indoor model testing. This study analyzes the distribution of axial forces within piles and the migration patterns of neutral points under shallow and deep vacuum preloading conditions. Test results indicated that, compared with shallow vacuum preloading treatment, deep vacuum preloading significantly reduced both pile settlement and peak axial force. The peak axial forces monitored by SPGC and strain gauges decreased by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively. With increasing pile load levels, the neutral point position gradually shifted upward. The SPGC and strain gauges recorded upward displacements of 2.95&#xa0;cm and 3.37&#xa0;cm, respectively, before eventually stabilizing. Additionally, the deep vacuum preloading condition reduced the neutral point depth ratio by 0.05, demonstrating its regulatory effect on pile–soil interaction. This study verified the reliability and accuracy of SPGC technology in monitoring internal forces within pile foundations, providing essential support for optimizing pile foundation design and promoting the advancement of distributed monitoring techniques under complex geological conditions.</p>

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Model Test Study on Axial Force Monitoring of Soft Soil Foundation Piles Using Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Wang Jun,
  • Zhang Kangshuai,
  • Liu Zhiming,
  • Wang Zheng,
  • Chen Linfeng,
  • Liu Xiaoqin,
  • Guo Lei,
  • Bao Wanxia,
  • Tao Minjiang

摘要

Pile foundations, as a critical foundation technology in modern engineering, are often associated with accidents resulting from their concealed nature and complex geological conditions. Real-time monitoring of axial force allows for tracking stress variations within piles and issuing early warnings, thereby contributing to the optimization of pile foundation design and construction parameters. To address the high costs and sensor vulnerability associated with conventional distributed axial force testing methods, this study employs sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) in comparison with conventional strain gauges during indoor model testing. This study analyzes the distribution of axial forces within piles and the migration patterns of neutral points under shallow and deep vacuum preloading conditions. Test results indicated that, compared with shallow vacuum preloading treatment, deep vacuum preloading significantly reduced both pile settlement and peak axial force. The peak axial forces monitored by SPGC and strain gauges decreased by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively. With increasing pile load levels, the neutral point position gradually shifted upward. The SPGC and strain gauges recorded upward displacements of 2.95 cm and 3.37 cm, respectively, before eventually stabilizing. Additionally, the deep vacuum preloading condition reduced the neutral point depth ratio by 0.05, demonstrating its regulatory effect on pile–soil interaction. This study verified the reliability and accuracy of SPGC technology in monitoring internal forces within pile foundations, providing essential support for optimizing pile foundation design and promoting the advancement of distributed monitoring techniques under complex geological conditions.