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<p>Dalian, a coastal city in Liaoning Province, China, is underlain by a soil-rock dual-layer stratum. This geological setting, combined with high groundwater levels, creates significant water leakage risks during metro system operation. This study investigates leakage risks induced by long-term train loading in the shield tunnel section between Hutang New District Station and Hutang Park Station on Dalian Metro Line 5. A time-dependent coupled damage-seepage model was developed to analyze soil response patterns, revealing the effects of tunnel leakage on supporting structures and surrounding soils. Corresponding warning criteria and optimal intervention time thresholds were proposed. Research findings indicate that tunnel leakage causes maximum crown settlement reaching 10&#xa0;mm within 2–3 days, minimum invert settlement, and symmetrical sidewall deformation. As leakage progresses, the affected zone in the surrounding soil expands gradually, with leakage at the invert inducing the most significant soil settlement—up to 17&#xa0;mm—and the fastest settlement rate occurring within the first three days. During the initial leakage phase, pore water pressure in the surrounding soil drops sharply, with the maximum reduction occurring near the leakage points. It stabilizes after three days, with minor fluctuations persisting. Notably, the first 1–3 days after leakage onset represent the most critical period, with the most dramatic changes in settlement and pore water pressure, necessitating enhanced monitoring and repair measures within 72&#xa0;h. These research outcomes provide valuable references for ensuring the operational safety of urban underground rail transit systems under similar geological conditions.</p>

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Coupled Time-Varying Model of Tunnel Damage-Seepage in Complex Geology and Soil Response Behavior Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Zherui Chen,
  • Shuai Zheng,
  • Zhongchang Wang,
  • Wenrui Bian,
  • Yundong Ma

摘要

Dalian, a coastal city in Liaoning Province, China, is underlain by a soil-rock dual-layer stratum. This geological setting, combined with high groundwater levels, creates significant water leakage risks during metro system operation. This study investigates leakage risks induced by long-term train loading in the shield tunnel section between Hutang New District Station and Hutang Park Station on Dalian Metro Line 5. A time-dependent coupled damage-seepage model was developed to analyze soil response patterns, revealing the effects of tunnel leakage on supporting structures and surrounding soils. Corresponding warning criteria and optimal intervention time thresholds were proposed. Research findings indicate that tunnel leakage causes maximum crown settlement reaching 10 mm within 2–3 days, minimum invert settlement, and symmetrical sidewall deformation. As leakage progresses, the affected zone in the surrounding soil expands gradually, with leakage at the invert inducing the most significant soil settlement—up to 17 mm—and the fastest settlement rate occurring within the first three days. During the initial leakage phase, pore water pressure in the surrounding soil drops sharply, with the maximum reduction occurring near the leakage points. It stabilizes after three days, with minor fluctuations persisting. Notably, the first 1–3 days after leakage onset represent the most critical period, with the most dramatic changes in settlement and pore water pressure, necessitating enhanced monitoring and repair measures within 72 h. These research outcomes provide valuable references for ensuring the operational safety of urban underground rail transit systems under similar geological conditions.