<p>The present study examines the spatial development of transport infrastructure in India and its impact on socio-economic status using a GIS-based spatial analysis approach. A Composite Transport Infrastructure Index (CTII) and a Composite Socio-Economic Development Index (CSEDI) are constructed using key indicators such as road, rail and air connectivity, alongside income, unemployment, poverty, urbanization, education and healthcare accessibility. The study employs correlation and spatial regression models to assess the relationship between CTII and CSEDI. The results reveal a strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.738) between transport infrastructure and socio-economic development, alongside pronounced regional disparities. GWR results indicate that transport investments have stronger developmental impacts in southern and western India, while eastern and northeastern states show weaker effects due to structural and institutional constraints. The findings highlight the need for region-specific transport planning integrated with human development policies to reduce spatial inequalities and promote inclusive growth.</p>