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<p>Design inconsistency is one of the major causes of single-vehicle run-off-road crashes on rural highways. Design inconsistency primarily occurs due to the violation of drivers’ expectancy, which can lead to unsafe driving behaviors. Surrogate safety measures, such as speed, alignment indices, and vehicle stability, are potential indirect approaches to evaluate design consistency and improve safety. Consequently, this study aims to systematically review the existing literature to identify the design consistency evaluation tools. The methodology of the systematic literature review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the literature. A total of 62 articles were finally selected for systematic review. A total of 26 tools were identified on speed consistency, dynamic consistency, driver workload, alignment consistency, and drivers’ perception and decision. The key findings, including theoretical and practical gaps of the study offer future recommendations for researchers, engineers, and practitioners to improve roadway design and promote safer driving conditions on rural highways.</p>

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Highway Geometric Design Consistency: A Systematic Review of Evaluation Tools and Recommendations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Vinay Kumar Sharma,
  • Gourab Sil,
  • Mohd Atif

摘要

Design inconsistency is one of the major causes of single-vehicle run-off-road crashes on rural highways. Design inconsistency primarily occurs due to the violation of drivers’ expectancy, which can lead to unsafe driving behaviors. Surrogate safety measures, such as speed, alignment indices, and vehicle stability, are potential indirect approaches to evaluate design consistency and improve safety. Consequently, this study aims to systematically review the existing literature to identify the design consistency evaluation tools. The methodology of the systematic literature review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the literature. A total of 62 articles were finally selected for systematic review. A total of 26 tools were identified on speed consistency, dynamic consistency, driver workload, alignment consistency, and drivers’ perception and decision. The key findings, including theoretical and practical gaps of the study offer future recommendations for researchers, engineers, and practitioners to improve roadway design and promote safer driving conditions on rural highways.