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<p>As a new business modality of international trade, cross-border e-commerce is increasingly becoming an important driving force for enterprises to improve total factor productivity. The establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones is taken as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on the data of China’s A-share listed export enterprises from 2010 to 2022, we employ a double machine learning model to investigate the impact of cross-border e-commerce on enterprises’ total factor productivity. Theoretical research reveals that the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones exhibit unique characteristics distinct from both traditional trade liberalization policies and general digital infrastructure initiatives. Through institutional openness and ecosystem empowerment, the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones generate more potent, direct, and sustainable driving effects on enterprises’ total factor productivity. Empirical findings confirm that the development of cross-border e-commerce significantly improves enterprises’ total factor productivity. The impact is larger and more significant for enterprises in the eastern regions and non-state-owned enterprises. Further, driving digital transformation, reducing supplier concentration and promoting technological innovation are three important channels of cross-border e-commerce affecting enterprises’ total factor productivity. Our research not only provides new empirical evidence on the micro-level performance mechanisms of cross-border e-commerce but also offers valuable insights for China to deepen institutional innovation and refine policy practices in digital trade.</p>

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Opening new paths to enterprise total factor productivity improvement: evidence from cross-border e-commerce pilot in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Yanwei Lyu,
  • Luyan Wang,
  • Yuchen Lu

摘要

As a new business modality of international trade, cross-border e-commerce is increasingly becoming an important driving force for enterprises to improve total factor productivity. The establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones is taken as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on the data of China’s A-share listed export enterprises from 2010 to 2022, we employ a double machine learning model to investigate the impact of cross-border e-commerce on enterprises’ total factor productivity. Theoretical research reveals that the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones exhibit unique characteristics distinct from both traditional trade liberalization policies and general digital infrastructure initiatives. Through institutional openness and ecosystem empowerment, the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones generate more potent, direct, and sustainable driving effects on enterprises’ total factor productivity. Empirical findings confirm that the development of cross-border e-commerce significantly improves enterprises’ total factor productivity. The impact is larger and more significant for enterprises in the eastern regions and non-state-owned enterprises. Further, driving digital transformation, reducing supplier concentration and promoting technological innovation are three important channels of cross-border e-commerce affecting enterprises’ total factor productivity. Our research not only provides new empirical evidence on the micro-level performance mechanisms of cross-border e-commerce but also offers valuable insights for China to deepen institutional innovation and refine policy practices in digital trade.