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Abstract <p>The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has heightened the demand for effective small-diameter vascular prostheses (&lt;5 mm). Artificial vascular grafts appear as a promising alternative to allografts. Although polymer vascular grafts are intensively used in clinical practice, the ideal material providing the desired biocompatibility, tensile properties, endothelization rate and in vivo performance has to be found. In the current study, various poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-based vascular grafts were fabricated and their physicochemical and biological properties were compared. Both copolymerization with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the addition of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) allowed varying the graft properties. The grafts fabricated from the mixture of PCL or PCLPLA copolymer with PGA provided the best tensile properties comparable with native human veins (tensile strength &gt; 5 MPa). Grafts of PLC7015 and PCL-PGS provided the highest number of the adhered human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). During in vivo experiment, PCL vascular graft demonstrated the poorest performance due to thrombosis. Among the compositions evaluated, the grafts fabricated from PLC7015 exhibited the most favorable functional properties following 15-day implantation within the arterial vasculature of the animal model. Thus, the utilization of copolymers or polymer mixtures allows improving the performance of the polymer vascular grafts.</p> Lay Summary <p>This research tested new materials for making small artificial blood vessels. We created grafts from different biodegradable polymers, especially blends and combinations of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA). We studied these grafts both in in vitro and in vivo tests, in particular after implantation in infrarenal rat aorta. The study found that a specific combination of PCL and PLA showed great promise as a material for these small grafts. While the results are encouraging, the research also identified that the biocompatibility of this material needs further improvement before it can be widely used in patients needing vascular surgery</p> Description of Future Works <p>Future research will focus on improving the biocompatibility of the promising PCL-PLA copolymer material identified in this study. This involves exploring specific modifications to the material's surface or structure to enhance how well the body accepts the grafts and integrates them with natural tissue for long-term success.</p>

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Tailoring Properties of Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts: An In Vivo Study of Polycaprolactone and Polylactic Acid Blends and Copolymers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • A. I. Mishanin,
  • S. I. Goreninskii,
  • D. V. Mukhametdinova,
  • A. N. Panina,
  • S. I. Tverdokhlebov,
  • E. N. Bolbasov,
  • A. A. Kostareva,
  • A. S. Golovkin

摘要

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has heightened the demand for effective small-diameter vascular prostheses (<5 mm). Artificial vascular grafts appear as a promising alternative to allografts. Although polymer vascular grafts are intensively used in clinical practice, the ideal material providing the desired biocompatibility, tensile properties, endothelization rate and in vivo performance has to be found. In the current study, various poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-based vascular grafts were fabricated and their physicochemical and biological properties were compared. Both copolymerization with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the addition of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) allowed varying the graft properties. The grafts fabricated from the mixture of PCL or PCLPLA copolymer with PGA provided the best tensile properties comparable with native human veins (tensile strength > 5 MPa). Grafts of PLC7015 and PCL-PGS provided the highest number of the adhered human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). During in vivo experiment, PCL vascular graft demonstrated the poorest performance due to thrombosis. Among the compositions evaluated, the grafts fabricated from PLC7015 exhibited the most favorable functional properties following 15-day implantation within the arterial vasculature of the animal model. Thus, the utilization of copolymers or polymer mixtures allows improving the performance of the polymer vascular grafts.

Lay Summary

This research tested new materials for making small artificial blood vessels. We created grafts from different biodegradable polymers, especially blends and combinations of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA). We studied these grafts both in in vitro and in vivo tests, in particular after implantation in infrarenal rat aorta. The study found that a specific combination of PCL and PLA showed great promise as a material for these small grafts. While the results are encouraging, the research also identified that the biocompatibility of this material needs further improvement before it can be widely used in patients needing vascular surgery

Description of Future Works

Future research will focus on improving the biocompatibility of the promising PCL-PLA copolymer material identified in this study. This involves exploring specific modifications to the material's surface or structure to enhance how well the body accepts the grafts and integrates them with natural tissue for long-term success.