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Purpose <p>This study was aimed to investigate the bone healing efficacy of a novel biomaterial silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite, applied alone and in conjunction with homologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) in a rat calvarial defect model. The outcomes provided meaningful insights into the development of biocompatible, effective and clinically applicable strategies for the treatment of craniofacial bone defects.</p> Methods <p>Seventy-two adult male Wistar rats, aged above 8 weeks were utilised to assess the osteogenic efficacy of a novel silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial. A 4.0&#xa0;mm sized calvarial defect was surgically created in the parietal bone. The defects were treated with silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite alone (Group I) and in combination with homologous platelet-rich plasma (Group II). Control defects were left untreated (Group III). Rats were sacrificed at 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week and new bone formation was evaluated.</p> Results <p>The silica–collagen–hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial promoted significant bone regeneration in the rat calvarial defect model, both with and without the incorporation of homologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis revealed marked defect closure in all treated groups, with the combination group showing the greatest extent of regeneration. Histological and histomorphometric analyses confirmed substantial new bone formation, increased osteocyte proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis, fibrovascular tissue development and a higher percentage of defect closure in biomaterial-treated animals.</p> Conclusion <p>The silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial, both alone and in combination with homologous platelet-rich plasma demonstrated promising bone regenerative capacity in rat calvarial defect model. These results indicated the potential utility of this composite as a biocompatible scaffold for clinical applications in craniofacial bone repair and regeneration.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>

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Effect of Silica-Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Biocomposite Alone and in Conjunction with Homologous Platelet Rich Plasma for the Management of Calvarial Defect in Rat Models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Deny Jennes,
  • Laiju M. Philip,
  • Anoop S.,
  • Syam K. Venugopal,
  • Leena Chandrasekhar,
  • Devi S. S.,
  • Francis B. Fernandez

摘要

Purpose

This study was aimed to investigate the bone healing efficacy of a novel biomaterial silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite, applied alone and in conjunction with homologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) in a rat calvarial defect model. The outcomes provided meaningful insights into the development of biocompatible, effective and clinically applicable strategies for the treatment of craniofacial bone defects.

Methods

Seventy-two adult male Wistar rats, aged above 8 weeks were utilised to assess the osteogenic efficacy of a novel silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial. A 4.0 mm sized calvarial defect was surgically created in the parietal bone. The defects were treated with silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite alone (Group I) and in combination with homologous platelet-rich plasma (Group II). Control defects were left untreated (Group III). Rats were sacrificed at 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week and new bone formation was evaluated.

Results

The silica–collagen–hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial promoted significant bone regeneration in the rat calvarial defect model, both with and without the incorporation of homologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis revealed marked defect closure in all treated groups, with the combination group showing the greatest extent of regeneration. Histological and histomorphometric analyses confirmed substantial new bone formation, increased osteocyte proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis, fibrovascular tissue development and a higher percentage of defect closure in biomaterial-treated animals.

Conclusion

The silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial, both alone and in combination with homologous platelet-rich plasma demonstrated promising bone regenerative capacity in rat calvarial defect model. These results indicated the potential utility of this composite as a biocompatible scaffold for clinical applications in craniofacial bone repair and regeneration.

Graphic Abstract