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Abstract <p>Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes have emerged as highly functional nanomaterials with broad engineering applications in energy systems, environmental technologies, and biomedical devices. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advancements in TiO₂ nanotube research, emphasising synthesis techniques, structural-functional characteristics, and real-world applications. Fabrication methods such as electrochemical anodisation, hydrothermal treatment, and chemical vapour deposition have enabled precise control over nanotube morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry, thereby enhancing their performance in practical applications. In the energy sector, TiO₂ nanotubes have demonstrated significant potential in photoelectrochemical water splitting, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors owing to their high surface area, tunable bandgap, and charge transport properties. In environmental remediation, photocatalytic activity has been effectively employed for the degradation of organic pollutants under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. Furthermore, their biocompatibility, chemical stability, and modifiable surface make them attractive for biomedical engineering applications, such as drug delivery, wound healing, and orthopaedic implants. Despite considerable progress, challenges remain in achieving scalable production, enhancing the long-term stability, and ensuring biosafety. This review consolidates current research findings, highlights emerging trends in functionalization and integration, and outlines future directions for optimizing TiO₂ nanotubes in multidisciplinary engineering contexts. Advancing these materials for industrial and clinical translation requires concerted effort in material design, system integration, and performance validation.&#xa0;</p> Lay Summary <p>The remarkable properties of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes, which are small, tube-shaped materials, have attracted interest in a variety of industries, including clean energy and medicine. To make these nanotubes more effective in practical applications, scientists have developed sophisticated methods for creating them with exact surfaces and forms. TiO₂ nanotubes enhance energy storage and conversion in energy systems, thereby improving technologies such as solar-powered water splitting, rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors. When it comes to cleaning the environment, they are effective catalysts that use light to break down dangerous chemicals in soil and water. Medical applications, such as drug delivery, wound healing, and bone implant support, are perfect because of their safe interaction with living tissues. Despite their potential, they still need to be produced on a large scale, made to last longer, and made safe for both people and the environment. To help transform laboratory findings into useful solutions for business and medicine, this study compiled the most recent research, examined how these nanotubes are being improved, and made recommendations for future directions.</p>

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Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes for Regenerative and Translational Applications: Advances in Synthesis, Functionalization, and Biomedical Integration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • S. Beer Mohamed,
  • P. Baraneedharan,
  • Keerthi D. V,
  • Abdulkadhar Mohamed Jalaludeen,
  • Mohamed Mohamed Sheik Sirajuddeen,
  • Saranya Vinayagam,
  • Mukunthan Kuppusamy Selvam,
  • Praveen Ramakrishnan,
  • Thanigaivel Sundaram

摘要

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes have emerged as highly functional nanomaterials with broad engineering applications in energy systems, environmental technologies, and biomedical devices. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advancements in TiO₂ nanotube research, emphasising synthesis techniques, structural-functional characteristics, and real-world applications. Fabrication methods such as electrochemical anodisation, hydrothermal treatment, and chemical vapour deposition have enabled precise control over nanotube morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry, thereby enhancing their performance in practical applications. In the energy sector, TiO₂ nanotubes have demonstrated significant potential in photoelectrochemical water splitting, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors owing to their high surface area, tunable bandgap, and charge transport properties. In environmental remediation, photocatalytic activity has been effectively employed for the degradation of organic pollutants under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. Furthermore, their biocompatibility, chemical stability, and modifiable surface make them attractive for biomedical engineering applications, such as drug delivery, wound healing, and orthopaedic implants. Despite considerable progress, challenges remain in achieving scalable production, enhancing the long-term stability, and ensuring biosafety. This review consolidates current research findings, highlights emerging trends in functionalization and integration, and outlines future directions for optimizing TiO₂ nanotubes in multidisciplinary engineering contexts. Advancing these materials for industrial and clinical translation requires concerted effort in material design, system integration, and performance validation. 

Lay Summary

The remarkable properties of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes, which are small, tube-shaped materials, have attracted interest in a variety of industries, including clean energy and medicine. To make these nanotubes more effective in practical applications, scientists have developed sophisticated methods for creating them with exact surfaces and forms. TiO₂ nanotubes enhance energy storage and conversion in energy systems, thereby improving technologies such as solar-powered water splitting, rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors. When it comes to cleaning the environment, they are effective catalysts that use light to break down dangerous chemicals in soil and water. Medical applications, such as drug delivery, wound healing, and bone implant support, are perfect because of their safe interaction with living tissues. Despite their potential, they still need to be produced on a large scale, made to last longer, and made safe for both people and the environment. To help transform laboratory findings into useful solutions for business and medicine, this study compiled the most recent research, examined how these nanotubes are being improved, and made recommendations for future directions.