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Purpose <p>Articular cartilage injuries pose significant challenges for regenerative medicine, necessitating the development of innovative cell-free strategies. Hydrogels have emerged as promising biomaterials for cartilage repair, as they facilitate tissue remodelling. The present study investigates the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels as a potential solution for repairing articular cartilage using a defect in an animal model.</p> Methods <p>CMC hydrogels were carefully cross-linked with citric acid to enhance their mechanical properties, ensuring structural integrity during implantation. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies were conducted to assess biocompatibility. Full-thickness chondral defects accompanied by subchondral bone injury were created in the trochlear groove of rat knees. The hydrogels were implanted into these defects, and histological evaluation was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and safranin O staining.</p> Results <p>The CMC hydrogels demonstrated excellent biocompatibility in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo experiments revealed partial cartilage restoration within a month, with complete restoration observed after 3&#xa0;months. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of comparable morphological features between the regenerated tissue and native cartilage, including the deposition of glycosaminoglycans.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings suggest that CMC hydrogels are a promising biomaterial for repairing articular cartilage defects. Their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to facilitate tissue regeneration make them a potential therapeutic option for patients with cartilage injuries.</p> Lay Summary <p>Cartilage injuries can be difficult to regenerate by itself. This study has developed a new material called cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel that shows promise for repairing damaged cartilage. The hydrogels were found to be biocompatible and effective in promoting tissue growth. The CMC hydrogels were successfully used to regenerate cartilage in rats. This research suggests that CMC hydrogels may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with cartilage injuries.</p> Future Perspective <p>While the results of this study are encouraging, further research is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of CMC hydrogels in large animal model. Future studies may also explore ways to improve the hydrogel’s properties.</p>

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Unravelling the Potential of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Repair: A Rat Model Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Sreeja Harikumar Aswathy,
  • Nebu George Thomas,
  • Yogesh Bharat Dalvi,
  • Madhan Balraman,
  • Uttamchand NarendraKumar,
  • Inderchand Manjubala

摘要

Purpose

Articular cartilage injuries pose significant challenges for regenerative medicine, necessitating the development of innovative cell-free strategies. Hydrogels have emerged as promising biomaterials for cartilage repair, as they facilitate tissue remodelling. The present study investigates the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels as a potential solution for repairing articular cartilage using a defect in an animal model.

Methods

CMC hydrogels were carefully cross-linked with citric acid to enhance their mechanical properties, ensuring structural integrity during implantation. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies were conducted to assess biocompatibility. Full-thickness chondral defects accompanied by subchondral bone injury were created in the trochlear groove of rat knees. The hydrogels were implanted into these defects, and histological evaluation was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin O staining.

Results

The CMC hydrogels demonstrated excellent biocompatibility in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo experiments revealed partial cartilage restoration within a month, with complete restoration observed after 3 months. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of comparable morphological features between the regenerated tissue and native cartilage, including the deposition of glycosaminoglycans.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that CMC hydrogels are a promising biomaterial for repairing articular cartilage defects. Their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to facilitate tissue regeneration make them a potential therapeutic option for patients with cartilage injuries.

Lay Summary

Cartilage injuries can be difficult to regenerate by itself. This study has developed a new material called cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel that shows promise for repairing damaged cartilage. The hydrogels were found to be biocompatible and effective in promoting tissue growth. The CMC hydrogels were successfully used to regenerate cartilage in rats. This research suggests that CMC hydrogels may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with cartilage injuries.

Future Perspective

While the results of this study are encouraging, further research is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of CMC hydrogels in large animal model. Future studies may also explore ways to improve the hydrogel’s properties.