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Purpose <p>Growing knowledge of the physical and biological attributes of hyaluronic acid (HA) led to its application as a bioactive polymer for several tissue engineering applications. The highly hydrophilic and degradable nature of HA is a major limitation that can be modulated by several backbone and side chain modifications. In the leading edge, there is a need for advancement over the traditional scaffolds and prefabricated hydrogel within the discipline of tissue engineering and&#xa0;regenerative medicine (TERM). This review focuses on the currently available knowledge in the chemical modifications leading to the formation of injectable HA hydrogels, their physical nature, and biomedical applications.</p> Method <p>The article embraces the modifications shown to modulate the crosslinking between the HA chains in a time-dependent manner, which is suitable for developing injectable material that further augments their potential in tissue engineering applications.</p> Results <p>Injectable HA hydrogels have shown success in delivering biological therapeutics and drugs, which further augments their potential in tissue engineering applications. The choice of chemical modifications and the molecular weight that can tune the physical, chemical, and biological properties is reviewed for developing an injectable form of HA hydrogel.</p> Conclusion <p>Hyaluronic acid is a bioactive compound, an unbranched polymer inferred within several connective, epithelial, neural, and vertebral tissues. The molecular weight of HA is a significant parameter to consider in determining the biological function of HA. The review manifests the light on injectable hydrogels with self-healing attributes&#xa0;which provide unambiguous advantages over orthodox biomaterials. The mechanical characteristics of&#xa0;newly designed injectable hydrogels correspond to those of the intended tissue. Significantly, the injectable hydrogels refrain from invasive surgery and provide implications within the reparative and regenerative advancements in a&#xa0;minimally invasive approach.</p> Lay Summary <p>The article summarizes the biological characteristics of the HA. The chemical modifications over the structural backbone alter the chemical, physical, and biological cues, with substantial modifications in the mechanical property of the developed hydrogels for intended applications. The study additionally includes several clinically approved injectable hydrogels that are being investigated for their desired tissue engineering applications.</p>

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Comprehensive Exploration on Chemical Functionalization and Crosslinked Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Akash Yadav,
  • Datta S. Waghmare,
  • Anjali Ahir,
  • Akshay Srivastava

摘要

Purpose

Growing knowledge of the physical and biological attributes of hyaluronic acid (HA) led to its application as a bioactive polymer for several tissue engineering applications. The highly hydrophilic and degradable nature of HA is a major limitation that can be modulated by several backbone and side chain modifications. In the leading edge, there is a need for advancement over the traditional scaffolds and prefabricated hydrogel within the discipline of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). This review focuses on the currently available knowledge in the chemical modifications leading to the formation of injectable HA hydrogels, their physical nature, and biomedical applications.

Method

The article embraces the modifications shown to modulate the crosslinking between the HA chains in a time-dependent manner, which is suitable for developing injectable material that further augments their potential in tissue engineering applications.

Results

Injectable HA hydrogels have shown success in delivering biological therapeutics and drugs, which further augments their potential in tissue engineering applications. The choice of chemical modifications and the molecular weight that can tune the physical, chemical, and biological properties is reviewed for developing an injectable form of HA hydrogel.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid is a bioactive compound, an unbranched polymer inferred within several connective, epithelial, neural, and vertebral tissues. The molecular weight of HA is a significant parameter to consider in determining the biological function of HA. The review manifests the light on injectable hydrogels with self-healing attributes which provide unambiguous advantages over orthodox biomaterials. The mechanical characteristics of newly designed injectable hydrogels correspond to those of the intended tissue. Significantly, the injectable hydrogels refrain from invasive surgery and provide implications within the reparative and regenerative advancements in a minimally invasive approach.

Lay Summary

The article summarizes the biological characteristics of the HA. The chemical modifications over the structural backbone alter the chemical, physical, and biological cues, with substantial modifications in the mechanical property of the developed hydrogels for intended applications. The study additionally includes several clinically approved injectable hydrogels that are being investigated for their desired tissue engineering applications.