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<p>The Arafura Sea, a crucial component of the Indonesian Seas, exhibits significant oceanic variability influenced by mesoscale eddies, which regulate the occurrence and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold spells (MCSs). This study examines the role of anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and cyclonic eddies (CEs) in driving extreme ocean temperature anomalies over a 30-year period (1993–2022) using high-resolution satellite observations. The results indicate that CEs, characterized by upwelling and enhanced vertical mixing, induce MCSs through localized sea surface cooling, whereas AEs, which generate downwelling, contribute to MHWs by elevating sea surface temperatures. The most pronounced MHWs occurred during the warmest years of the study period, particularly in 1998, 2010, and 2014. A total of 397 AEs and 258 CEs were identified within the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), with 323 (81%) of AEs and 207 (80%) of CEs associated with MHW and MCS events, respectively. The thermal extremes were typically concentrated within ~ 12&#xa0;km of eddy centers. The intensity of MHWs and MCSs induced by these eddies was significantly influenced by eddy size, with a mean diameter of ~ 100&#xa0;km and temperature anomalies ranging from 1.2 to 1.4&#xa0;°C. These findings provide valuable insights into regional climate variability and its potential implications for marine ecosystems.</p>

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Influence of mesoscale eddies on marine cold spells and heatwaves in Arafura Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Gandhi Napitupulu

摘要

The Arafura Sea, a crucial component of the Indonesian Seas, exhibits significant oceanic variability influenced by mesoscale eddies, which regulate the occurrence and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold spells (MCSs). This study examines the role of anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and cyclonic eddies (CEs) in driving extreme ocean temperature anomalies over a 30-year period (1993–2022) using high-resolution satellite observations. The results indicate that CEs, characterized by upwelling and enhanced vertical mixing, induce MCSs through localized sea surface cooling, whereas AEs, which generate downwelling, contribute to MHWs by elevating sea surface temperatures. The most pronounced MHWs occurred during the warmest years of the study period, particularly in 1998, 2010, and 2014. A total of 397 AEs and 258 CEs were identified within the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), with 323 (81%) of AEs and 207 (80%) of CEs associated with MHW and MCS events, respectively. The thermal extremes were typically concentrated within ~ 12 km of eddy centers. The intensity of MHWs and MCSs induced by these eddies was significantly influenced by eddy size, with a mean diameter of ~ 100 km and temperature anomalies ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 °C. These findings provide valuable insights into regional climate variability and its potential implications for marine ecosystems.