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<p>The rapid integration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) poses significant stability challenges, particularly in weak-grid scenarios. This paper presents a comprehensive small-signal stability assessment of an IBR integrated into a weak AC network subjected to sub-synchronous oscillations (SSO). Using a linearized state-space model, the system strength is characterized via the Short-Circuit Ratio (SCR) to compare stability margins between strong and weak grid conditions. The analysis specifically investigates the combined effect of the interaction between grid strength, Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) bandwidth, and sub-synchronous modes at 10 Hz and 20 Hz. Eigenvalue analysis reveals that the damping ratio improves from 6% to 21% as the SCR increases from 2.5 to 10, identifying the specific modes responsible for instability via participation factor analysis. Furthermore, time-response simulations demonstrate the transient response under varying SCR conditions. The analytical findings and linearized models are validated through a real-time experimental setup using the OPAL-RT (OP4510) simulator. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights for optimizing the integration of IBRs into weak AC grids, addressing SSO risks, and tuning control parameters for enhanced performance.</p>

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Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources in Weak Grids Under Sub-synchronous Oscillations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • G. Ravi Kumar,
  • N. V. Srikanth,
  • Sudipta Mitra

摘要

The rapid integration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) poses significant stability challenges, particularly in weak-grid scenarios. This paper presents a comprehensive small-signal stability assessment of an IBR integrated into a weak AC network subjected to sub-synchronous oscillations (SSO). Using a linearized state-space model, the system strength is characterized via the Short-Circuit Ratio (SCR) to compare stability margins between strong and weak grid conditions. The analysis specifically investigates the combined effect of the interaction between grid strength, Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) bandwidth, and sub-synchronous modes at 10 Hz and 20 Hz. Eigenvalue analysis reveals that the damping ratio improves from 6% to 21% as the SCR increases from 2.5 to 10, identifying the specific modes responsible for instability via participation factor analysis. Furthermore, time-response simulations demonstrate the transient response under varying SCR conditions. The analytical findings and linearized models are validated through a real-time experimental setup using the OPAL-RT (OP4510) simulator. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights for optimizing the integration of IBRs into weak AC grids, addressing SSO risks, and tuning control parameters for enhanced performance.