As the number of photovoltaic panels increases, the necessity for supervising photovoltaic devices expands as well. This operation requires the mathematical modeling of solar modules. Photovoltaic modules are represented by mathematical models, with parameters varying from model to model. It seems complicated for academics to estimate these parameters accurately, resulting in a wide range of model approaches. In this research, the single-diode model's step values for each parameter are evaluated, to identify the optimal step value for four parameters: \({R}_{s}\) , \({R}_{sh}\) , \(n\) , and \({I}_{ph}\) . According to the outcomes of this research, we developed a novel iterative approach to determine the single-diode model parameters, based on the Levenberg–Marquardt numerical method. The new proposed approach is adjusted to resolve various issues, such as the negative \({R}_{sh}\) value, the high value of \({R}_{s}\) , and the significantly high Absolute Error value of the estimated and experimental currents at the Maximum PowerPoint zone, and then simulated under standard test conditions as well as real weather conditions. When the Root Mean Square Error is taken into account, the experimental results show that the suggested method delivers good results in all different environmental circumstances. The obtained result for the S75 PV module is 0.04566, for the SM55 PV panel is 0.0097, and for the ST40 PV module is 0.0120. The proposed method generates more accurate photovoltaic module parameter values and gives photovoltaic generation outputs that are closer to the real results when compared to well-published numerical approaches.
