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<p>Leaf rot disease is a significant threat to betelvine (<i>Piper betle</i> L.) cultivation in India, causing 20–40% yield loss to total crop failure. The specific <i>Phytophthora</i> species responsible has historically remained unclear due to overlapping morphological features. To resolve this, 17 <i>Phytophthora</i> isolates from major betelvine-growing districts in West Bengal were characterised using morphological and cultural traits, ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity assays. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all isolates produced characteristic leaf rot symptoms. Sixteen isolates were identified as <i>P. nicotianae</i> and one as <i>P. capsici</i>. <i>P. nicotianae</i> isolates exhibited significant intraspecific variation; sporangial dimensions ranged from 29.89 ± 0.65 to 47.72 ± 1.21&#xa0;µm in length and 21.83 ± 0.37 to 36.92 ± 0.46&#xa0;µm in breadth, with chlamydospore diameters of 14.82 ± 0.59 to 32.36 ± 0.52&#xa0;µm. Conversely, <i>P. capsici</i> sporangia measured 28.82 ± 0.61&#xa0;µm × 15.95 ± 0.27&#xa0;µm and lacked both chlamydospores and hyphal swellings. ITS rDNA analysis revealed high genetic similarity among <i>P. nicotianae</i> isolates and clear differentiation from <i>P. capsici</i>. Neither species produced sexual structures in single cultures, indicating heterothallism. This study identifies <i>P. nicotianae</i> as the predominant species recovered from betelvine leaf rot in the sampled districts of West Bengal, with <i>P. capsici</i> present at a low frequency. These findings provide a crucial diagnostic foundation for accurate species identification, enhancing future disease surveillance and management strategies.</p>

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Morphological characterisation and ITS-based identification of Phytophthora species associated with leaf rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) in eastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Bandana Mayanglambam,
  • Siddharth Singh,
  • Ankur Mukhopadhyay,
  • Susmita Oraon,
  • Soumik Mukherjee,
  • Goutam Mondal

摘要

Leaf rot disease is a significant threat to betelvine (Piper betle L.) cultivation in India, causing 20–40% yield loss to total crop failure. The specific Phytophthora species responsible has historically remained unclear due to overlapping morphological features. To resolve this, 17 Phytophthora isolates from major betelvine-growing districts in West Bengal were characterised using morphological and cultural traits, ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity assays. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all isolates produced characteristic leaf rot symptoms. Sixteen isolates were identified as P. nicotianae and one as P. capsici. P. nicotianae isolates exhibited significant intraspecific variation; sporangial dimensions ranged from 29.89 ± 0.65 to 47.72 ± 1.21 µm in length and 21.83 ± 0.37 to 36.92 ± 0.46 µm in breadth, with chlamydospore diameters of 14.82 ± 0.59 to 32.36 ± 0.52 µm. Conversely, P. capsici sporangia measured 28.82 ± 0.61 µm × 15.95 ± 0.27 µm and lacked both chlamydospores and hyphal swellings. ITS rDNA analysis revealed high genetic similarity among P. nicotianae isolates and clear differentiation from P. capsici. Neither species produced sexual structures in single cultures, indicating heterothallism. This study identifies P. nicotianae as the predominant species recovered from betelvine leaf rot in the sampled districts of West Bengal, with P. capsici present at a low frequency. These findings provide a crucial diagnostic foundation for accurate species identification, enhancing future disease surveillance and management strategies.