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<p>Tristeza disease, caused by citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the family <i>Closteroviridae</i>, is one of the most economically important citrus diseases worldwide. While extensive research has been conducted on other citrus diseases, including Huanglongbing (HLB), in Indonesia, studies on CTV remain limited. This study aimed to detect and identify CTV in citrus plants in Bali using molecular techniques. Samples were collected from citrus cv. Siam of various ages at seven locations, and from cv. ‘Rimau Gergo Lebong’ (RGL) at one location in the&#xa0;Bangli Region&#xa0;of Bali Province. Symptoms observed in the field included vein corking, yellow shoots, and leaf yellowing. CTV was detected using one-step RT-PCR targeting the p23 gene, regardless of symptom severity, which ranged from asymptomatic to severe. Disease intensity showed no correlation with plant age. Genetic diversity analysis of the p23 gene revealed that Balinese CTV isolates belong to two distinct variants, VT and T68. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular study of CTV in Indonesia, providing genetic characterization of Balinese CTV isolates. These findings establish a foundation for further epidemiological studies and the development of management strategies for tristeza disease in Indonesia.</p>

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Incidence, molecular detection, and genetic characterization of citrus tristeza virus: a case study from Bali, Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Sari Nurulita,
  • Ni Kadek Erosi Undaharta,
  • Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin,
  • Mohamed Cassim Mohamed Zakeel,
  • Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat

摘要

Tristeza disease, caused by citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the family Closteroviridae, is one of the most economically important citrus diseases worldwide. While extensive research has been conducted on other citrus diseases, including Huanglongbing (HLB), in Indonesia, studies on CTV remain limited. This study aimed to detect and identify CTV in citrus plants in Bali using molecular techniques. Samples were collected from citrus cv. Siam of various ages at seven locations, and from cv. ‘Rimau Gergo Lebong’ (RGL) at one location in the Bangli Region of Bali Province. Symptoms observed in the field included vein corking, yellow shoots, and leaf yellowing. CTV was detected using one-step RT-PCR targeting the p23 gene, regardless of symptom severity, which ranged from asymptomatic to severe. Disease intensity showed no correlation with plant age. Genetic diversity analysis of the p23 gene revealed that Balinese CTV isolates belong to two distinct variants, VT and T68. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular study of CTV in Indonesia, providing genetic characterization of Balinese CTV isolates. These findings establish a foundation for further epidemiological studies and the development of management strategies for tristeza disease in Indonesia.