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<p>Bacterial pustule (caused by <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>glycines</i> – Xcg) and bacterial tan spot (caused by <i>Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens</i> pv. <i>flaccumfaciens</i> – Cff) are emerging threats to soybean cultivation in Brazil. This study evaluated the survival period and area under the population curve (AUC) of both pathogens in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of eleven rotational crop species. Field experiments in 2023 and 2024 used rifampicin-resistant derivatives of Xcg Soj.3195 and Cff4R. Bacterial identity was confirmed via colony morphology, biochemical assays, and species‑specific PCR. Xcg persisted up to 70&#xa0;days in ryegrass, sorghum, wheat, and black oat (AUC &gt; 200), while Cff reached 70&#xa0;days in ryegrass, sorghum, and triticale in both experiments, and in white oat, black oat, wheat, and sunn hemp in at least one experiment. In the rhizosphere, Xcg survived up to 70&#xa0;days in ryegrass, triticale, wheat, and white oat; Cff reached 70&#xa0;days in all Poaceae species and in sunflower and sunn hemp. Principal component analysis showed positive associations between precipitation, temperature, and bacterial persistence, especially in the rhizosphere. Cultivation of white oat, black oat, ryegrass, sunn hemp, corn, sorghum, wheat, and triticale is not recommended in rotation with soybean, as these crops may act as ecological niches for Xcg and Cff survival.</p>

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Rotation crops as ecological niches for the survival of Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in soybean systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Luana Laurindo de Melo,
  • Daniele Maria do Nascimento,
  • Marcos Giovane Pedroza de Abreu,
  • José Marcelo Soman,
  • Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da Silva Júnior

摘要

Bacterial pustule (caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines – Xcg) and bacterial tan spot (caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens – Cff) are emerging threats to soybean cultivation in Brazil. This study evaluated the survival period and area under the population curve (AUC) of both pathogens in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of eleven rotational crop species. Field experiments in 2023 and 2024 used rifampicin-resistant derivatives of Xcg Soj.3195 and Cff4R. Bacterial identity was confirmed via colony morphology, biochemical assays, and species‑specific PCR. Xcg persisted up to 70 days in ryegrass, sorghum, wheat, and black oat (AUC > 200), while Cff reached 70 days in ryegrass, sorghum, and triticale in both experiments, and in white oat, black oat, wheat, and sunn hemp in at least one experiment. In the rhizosphere, Xcg survived up to 70 days in ryegrass, triticale, wheat, and white oat; Cff reached 70 days in all Poaceae species and in sunflower and sunn hemp. Principal component analysis showed positive associations between precipitation, temperature, and bacterial persistence, especially in the rhizosphere. Cultivation of white oat, black oat, ryegrass, sunn hemp, corn, sorghum, wheat, and triticale is not recommended in rotation with soybean, as these crops may act as ecological niches for Xcg and Cff survival.