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<p>Bacterial Leaf Spot (BLS), caused by several <i>Xanthomonas</i> species, usually affects sweet pepper-growing areas in northern Tanzania. Implementing effective management strategies for BLS is challenging due to the limited information available on the genetic background of the pathogen, the incidence and severity of the disease, and the resistance profile of available varieties. A survey of 13 vegetable fields across four locations in the Arusha region was conducted, with 31 diseased samples collected from both confined and open fields, including commercial seed suppliers and farmer-saved seeds. BLS symptoms were observed in all locations, with the highest incidence (100%) and severity (79.5%) in Madira and Njiro villages, and the lowest incidence (13.5%) and severity (11.7%) at the WorldVeg research plots. <i>Xanthomonas</i> isolates were identified using physiological, biochemical, molecular (PCR), and pathogenicity tests. <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> and <i>X. gardneri</i> were the dominant isolates associated with BLS. Multiple effector genes (avrBs2 and avrBs3) were identified in the <i>Xanthomonas</i> isolates. This highlights the opportunity of using major resistance genes to enhance resistance against specific pathogen races in sweet pepper genotypes with quantitative resistance. The study revealed minimal <i>Xanthomonas</i> contamination in commercial sweet pepper seeds, except one farmer-saved seed, highlighting the importance of pathogen-free seed sources and breeding for BLS resistance.</p>

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Incidence, severity, and pathogen profiling of bacterial leaf spot in sweet pepper fields of northern Tanzania

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Judith Hubert,
  • Shebati Ramadhani Ally,
  • Jeremiah Phanuel Sigalla,
  • Nickson Mlowe,
  • Crescentia Wilfred Mushobozi,
  • Simon Boniface Boni,
  • Ramasamy Srinivasan,
  • Ricardo Oliva

摘要

Bacterial Leaf Spot (BLS), caused by several Xanthomonas species, usually affects sweet pepper-growing areas in northern Tanzania. Implementing effective management strategies for BLS is challenging due to the limited information available on the genetic background of the pathogen, the incidence and severity of the disease, and the resistance profile of available varieties. A survey of 13 vegetable fields across four locations in the Arusha region was conducted, with 31 diseased samples collected from both confined and open fields, including commercial seed suppliers and farmer-saved seeds. BLS symptoms were observed in all locations, with the highest incidence (100%) and severity (79.5%) in Madira and Njiro villages, and the lowest incidence (13.5%) and severity (11.7%) at the WorldVeg research plots. Xanthomonas isolates were identified using physiological, biochemical, molecular (PCR), and pathogenicity tests. X. euvesicatoria and X. gardneri were the dominant isolates associated with BLS. Multiple effector genes (avrBs2 and avrBs3) were identified in the Xanthomonas isolates. This highlights the opportunity of using major resistance genes to enhance resistance against specific pathogen races in sweet pepper genotypes with quantitative resistance. The study revealed minimal Xanthomonas contamination in commercial sweet pepper seeds, except one farmer-saved seed, highlighting the importance of pathogen-free seed sources and breeding for BLS resistance.